Hypertension And Cardiovascular Risk

Question 1

What is hypertension

Answer 1

Hypertension is the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It contributes to 9.4 million deaths worldwide annually. It is a chronically elevated blood pressure

Question 2

What is normal blood pressure

Answer 2

Systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80

Question 3

What is pre-hypertension

Answer 3

Pre-hypertension is systematic of 120 to 139 and diastolic of 80-89

Question 4

What is hypertension stage one

Answer 4

Cystolith of 140 to 159 or diastolic of 90 to 99

Question 5

What is hypertension stage two

Answer 5

Systolic of 160+ or diastolic of greater than 100

Question 6

What is essential hypertension

Answer 6

Unknown causes of blood pressure elevation.

Question 7

What is secondary hypertension

Answer 7

Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure attributed to a definable cause

Question 8

What are some essential hypertension factors

Answer 8

Heredity genetics such as having genes coding for the REnin angiotensin system. Diabetes insulin assistance obesity hypertension

Question 9

Why might the heart have high cardiac output

Answer 9

Because of sympathetic overactivity

Question 10

What happens when someone is insulin resistant

Answer 10

There will be an increase in sympathetic nerve activity and it will also stimulate smooth muscle cell hyper trophy

Question 11

What is likely the reason in young hypertensive patients

Answer 11

High cardiac output

Question 12

What is the reason in older hypertensive patients

Answer 12

Elevated total peripheral resistance

Question 13

What is renal parenchymal disease

Answer 13

It’s when the nephrons are unable to secrete sodium and water causing an increase in blood volume as well as cardiac output and increased blood pressure

Question 14

What is renovascular hypertension

Answer 14

It’s a stenosis of one or both renal arteries

Question 15

What happens to hyper thyroid patients

Answer 15

They develop hypertension due to increased cardiac hyperactivity also an increase in blood volume

Question 16

What happens to hypo thyroid patients

Answer 16

They have a diastolic hypertension and increased peripheral vascular resistance

Question 17

What is pheochromocytoma

Answer 17

It’s a catecholamine secreting tumour usually in the adrenal medulla

Question 18

What happens when there is an excess of mineralocorticoids

Answer 18

This is usually aldosterone which will lead to an increased sodium retention which causes an increase in blood volume

Question 19

What happens when there is an excess of glucocorticoids

Answer 19

this will increase blood volume and stimulation of renin angiotensin system

Question 20

What is the running path way to increase blood pressure

Answer 20

Angiotensin agenda is converted into angiotensin one by running then angiotensin one is converted to angiotensin two by eights and say angiotensin II is then able to perform different things in order to increase blood pressure such as increasing aldosterone secretion which will cause a sodium to write a routine in the blood also the brain will stimulate for vasopressin secretion which will stimulate more through some more water enters into the bloodstream I’m in the Hardy to increase contractility also there will be more vasoconstriction a crane and norepinephrine will be released

Question 21

What is cardiac adiposity?

Answer 21

It’s increased cardiac mass due to an increase in epicardium fat and fatty infiltration of the myocardium.