Gender and Cardiovascular Risk

Question 1

Who has a greater risk of CVD?

Answer 1

Men between 45-49 have 4x higher risk.
Men between 65-69 have 2x higher risk
By age 85 the risk is equal.

Question 2

What is the male waist to hip ratio risk factor

Answer 2

> 1.0

Question 3

Risky waist to hip ratio for females?

Answer 3

> 0.8

Question 4

Why does android fat have a greater risk factor

Answer 4

Because it’s easily mobilized and can be broken down easily causing an increase in fatty acids to be in the blood and risk clogging arteries.

Question 5

Gynoid shape more common in females why,

Answer 5

Because of estrogen levels. Makes it easier to mobilize fat during pregnancy and lactation.

Question 6

What are the benefits of Estrogen?

Answer 6

There are lower LDL levels and higher HDL levels also less triglycerides. There is also enhanced endothelial function and increased vascular reactivity. Oestrogen and also produces antioxidants and all production smooth muscle cell relaxation and the production of prostacyclin

Question 7

What does estrogen do for the heat cell it’s,Ed?

Answer 7

It reduces hypertrophy and unregulates eNOS activity. Also inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis.

Question 8

What’s the difference between male and female flow mediated dilations?

Answer 8

There’s greater flow in females. This is due to vesssel size.

Endothelial function is maximal during luteal and follicular hazes this is because of its high high oestrogen concentration during the menstrual phase there is no difference compared to males

Question 9

How is there a reflex controller different in males and females

Answer 9

Woman rely on changes in HR and males rely on changes in the vascular resistance