Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gen Pathology > Congestive Heart Failure > Flashcards

Congestive Heart Failure Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The aortic valves become so stiff and fibrotic that the left ventricle can only push a small volume of blood to the systemic circulation. This condition causes an increase in

A

afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This occurs when a normally functioning heart could not keep with an unusually high demand for blood by the body.

A

high output heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the JG cells causes:

A

releases renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of left-side ventricular failure?

(1) sense of impending doom
(2) dyspnea
(3) calf edema
(4) ascites

A

(2) dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following regarding ADH is true?

(1) ADH is released from the anterior pituitary
(2) mediates vasodilation via V1 receptors in the blood vessels
(3) mediates increased synthesis of aquaporins which increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
(4) release is triggered by an increase in systemic blood pressure

A

(3) mediates increased synthesis of aquaporins which increases water reabsorption in the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following would not be an expected sign of right-sided congestive heart failure?
(1) prominent jugular vein
(2) hepatomegaly
(3) pulmonary edema
(4) pleural effusion

A

(3) pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tachycardia can also cause decrease cardiac output. (yes or no)

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_______ is an accumulation of non-caseating granulomas in the interstitial environment.

A

sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

inability of the heart to produce enough force or stretch to push blood out, when the heart cannot accommodate enough venous return = dec preload

A

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Congestion may occur outside the heart (True or False)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If heart becomes weak the ff can occur:

A

1) wall of ventricles become thin
2) cannot pump enough blood into systemic & pulmonary circulation or contract properly
3) blood is not pushed into circulation or no proper distribution in organ or properly oxygenate tissue
4) it will lead to ischemia -> necrosis -> multiple organ system failure = death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT formula:

A

CO = Heart rate (HR) x Stroke volume (SV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False

inc HR or SV = inc cardiac output
* both heart rate & stroke volume directly proportional to cardia output

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

amount of blood ejected from the heart
every minute

A

CARDIAC OUTPUT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False

Both preload & contractility: directly proportional to stroke volume (inc preload/contractility = inc stroke vol)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal Heart Rate:

A

60 - 100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

200 - 280 bpm: ______; 40 - 60 bpm: ______

A

(1) Tachycardia = low CO
(2) Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aorta pushes blood to coronary artery, distributing blood to other parts of heart

A

Resting Period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

distributes blood to different parts of the body

A

Coronary Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SV is dependent on: (1) (2) (3)

A

1 Preload, 2 Contractility & 3 Afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Choose: (1) Preload (2) Contractility (3) Afterload

actual stretching of the myocardial cells to contract

A

(2) Contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Choose: (1) Preload (2) Contractility (3) Afterload

not directly / inversely proportional

A

(3) Afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Choose: (1) Preload (2) Contractility (3) Afterload

amount of stretch that myocardia cells do prior to action contraction of the heart

A

(1) Preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Choose: (1) Preload (2) Contractility (3) Afterload

pressure that ventricles must overcome to push blood out (specifically left ventricle)

A

(3) Afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Choose: (1) Preload (2) Contractility (3) Afterload More vol of blood coming in = greater stretching = greater contraction
(2) Contractility
26
When does the myocardial cells begin to stretch?
When ventricles are being filled with blood
27
During _____ there is colonization throughout the muscle tissue that causes initial stress
ventricular filling
28
“pulse pressure” pressure produced by ventricle to push blood out of the aorta (120 - 80 = 40 mmHg)
Pressure Gradient
29
Normal blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
30
BP: 120/100 -> pressure gradient is 20 mmHg (120 - 100). Pressure is too low for ventricles to push out blood. What will the body do?
You need to increase your systolic pressure
31
pressure exerted when blood is ejected in arteries (yng una)
Systolic BP
32
pressure blood exerts within arteries between heartbeats
Diastolic BP
33
TYPES OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (1) (2) (3) (4)
1 Systolic heart failure 2 Diastolic heart failure 3 High output heart failure 4 Right side heart failure
34
Choose: (1) Systolic heart failure| (2) Diastolic heart failure| (3) High output heart failure | (4) Right side heart failure Ventricular Myocardial cells cannot generate enough power to create higher stroke volume * Inability of the heart to push blood out * Heart cant contract properly = leads to low CO
(1) Systolic heart failure
35
Choose: (1) Systolic heart failure| (2) Diastolic heart failure| (3) High output heart failure | (4) Right side heart failure * Heart too restricting, stiff & fibrotic (leads to) * Doesn’t get enough venous return * Myocardial cells don’t stretch properly * Valves are very week
(2) Diastolic heart failure
36
Choose: (1) Systolic heart failure| (2) Diastolic heart failure| (3) High output heart failure | (4) Right side heart failure left ventricle exerts too much to push blood out inc in oxygen demand & dec oxygen supply = heart: work harder, tissue: demands more oxygen
(3) High output heart failure
37
Choose: (1) Systolic heart failure| (2) Diastolic heart failure| (3) High output heart failure | (4) Right side heart failure Common Cause *decrease/low contractility of myocardial cells * inc preload due to existing low contractility
(1) Systolic heart failure
38
conditions that could lead to low contractility
(1) Myocardial Infarction (2) Dilated Cardiomyopathy
39
heart is too big or cardiomegaly & ventricles are too thin = cant generate enough power to pump blood out; caused by infection, viral or idiopathic
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
40
significantly left side of the anterior left ventricle
Myocardial Infarction
41
* when you have 140 ml of blood in left ventricle & right ventricle contracts, * 40 ml: pushed out; 100 ml: left in left ventricle * when left ventricle continues to accept blood from pulmonary circuit
Venous Return
42
“vomiting” putting in & pushing it out
Regurgitation
43
* Disease that could aggregate diastolic heart w regards to inc preload & low contractility * Conditions that allow venous return
Mitral & Aortic Valve Regurgitation
44
blood regurgitates due to * weak or flappy valves * inc preload (blood vol from lung & blood regurgitation will mix & go back to ventricle)
Mitral Valve Regurgitation “bicuspid valve”
45
blood regurgitates back due to weak aortic valve when ventricles contract
Aortic Valve Regurgitation
46
2 Aspects to Consider in Diastolic Heart Failure
(1) Low preload (2) High afterload
47
Low Preload causes: (1) (2) (3)
1 Constrictive Pericarditis 2 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 3 Myocardial Infarction (MI)
48
Choose: (1) Constrictive Pericarditis (2) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (3) Myocardial Infarction (MI) heart is too stiff, doesn’t want to expand
(2) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
49
Choose: (1) Constrictive Pericarditis (2) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (3) Myocardial Infarction (MI) necrotic heart tissue will be replaced with fibrotic tissue = heart will not stretch
(3) Myocardial Infarction (MI)
50
Choose: (1) Constrictive Pericarditis (2) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (3) Myocardial Infarction (MI) (inflammation of pericardial sacs) sacs become inflamed & lead to fibrosis, pushes heart to itself
(1) Constrictive Pericarditis
51
Disease that can lead to Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (5) ACASH
1 Cancer 2 Any accumulation of substance 3 Amyloidosis 4 Sarcoidosis 5 Hemochromatosis
52
Choose: (1) Cancer (2) Any accumulation of substance (3) Amyloidosis (4) Sarcoidosis (5) Hemochromatosis accumulation of amyloid protein, restricts stretching
(3) Amyloidosis
53
Choose: (1) Cancer (2) Any accumulation of substance (3) Amyloidosis (4) Sarcoidosis (5) Hemochromatosis accumulation of iron in ee; iron deposits in between myocardial cells (leads to) = restrictive cardiomyopathy
(5) Hemochromatosis
54
Choose: (1) Cancer (2) Any accumulation of substance (3) Amyloidosis (4) Sarcoidosis (5) Hemochromatosis accumulation of non caseating granulomas found in diff tissues of the body
(4) Sarcoidosis
55
High afterload is caused by (1) (2) (3)
1 Hypertension 2 Aortic Valve Stenosis 3 Cortication of aorta
56
Choose: 2 Aortic Valve Stenosis 3 Cortication of aorta part of aorta becomes narrow (coarctation) LV should produce pressure to overcome existing pressure of cortication
3 Cortication of aorta
57
Choose: 2 Aortic Valve Stenosis 3 Cortication of aorta thick or stiff aortic valve, only a small or narrow passageway for blood
2 Aortic Valve Stenosis
58
3 Aspects to Consider in RSHF
1 Low Contractility 2 High Preload 3 High Afterload
59
1 Low Contractility 2 High Preload 3 High Afterload Myocardial Infarction (MI) in right side inferior side of heart is due to
1 Low Contractility
60
High afterload causes conditions (1_ (2) (3)
(1) Pulmonary Valve Stenosis (2) Lung Disease (3) Pulmonary hypertension
61
a condition that causes the right side of the heart to fail, if heart is affected due to COPD
Cor Pulmonale
62
Example of Lung Disease
1 Emphysema 2 Chronic Bronchitis
63
super stiff pulmonary valve, narrow passage of blood
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
64
Pulmonary hypertension causes: (1) (2)
1 pulmonary edema 2 pulmonary embolism
65
Diseases Related to Hi Output Heart Failure (TAPAB)
1 Thyrotoxicosis 2 AV Fistula 3 Pregnancy 4 Anemia 5 Beri Beri
66
abnormal proteins produced by different cells of the body, light chain proteins accumulate in ee
Amyloid Proteins
67
abnormal connections between coronary arteries and a compartment of the venous side of the heart shunt blood flow from artery to vein or vice versa (majority: artery to vein)
AV Shunting or AV Fistula
68
thyroid glands become too toxic
THYROTOXICOSIS
69
Hyperthyroidism produces _____= inc metabolic activity of heart
higher amounts of t24
70
deficiency in Vit B1 (thiamine)
Beri Beri
71
deficiency in Vit B1 (thiamine)
Beri Beri
72
enzyme responsible for conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa * to function proper it has to have a coenzyme ______
(1) PDH Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (2) Thiamine
73
Experienced by individuals w beri beri
1) pdh cannot function properly = pyruvate will accumulate = converted to lactic acid = produce limited amount of ATP 2. lactic acidosis: blood becomes acidic, it will cause systemic blood vessels to dilate
74
person experiencing cognitive heart disease has the ff:
* low perfusion due to low cardiac output, * person has low blood pressure
75
True or False Blood pressure = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance
True
76
True or False TPR (Total Physical Response) indirectly proportional w BP
False
77
TPR (Total Physical Response) indirectly proportional w BP

Gen Pathology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions