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Body Logistics > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three things connective tissue is made of?

A

Cells
Fibres
Ground substance

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2
Q

What are the three main types of fibre in connective tissue?

A

Collagen
Elastin
Reticular fibre

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3
Q

What is the extracellular matrix made up of?

A

Ground substance
Fibres

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4
Q

What is the ground substance?
What is it main component?

A

Viscous, slippery substances

Proteoglycans

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5
Q

What are the main cells in connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts
Myofibroblasts
Macrophage
Mast cells
White adipocytes
Brown adipocytes

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6
Q

What do reticular cells do?
What type of cell are they?

A

Synthesise collagen alpha-I - which it uses to produce reticular fibres
So provide structural support

Fibroblast

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7
Q

What is the instersitium space?

A

Space between tissues and organs

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8
Q

What are some of the functions of connective tissue?

A
  • binding and supporting
  • protecting (bone protecting organs)
  • insulating (fat)
  • store reserve fuel and cells (fat and bone marrow)
  • transport substances (blood)
  • separation of tissue (tendons)
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9
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts?

A

Synthesise and secret fibres within the GS
Reponsible for scar formation

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10
Q

What is the function of Myofibroblasts?
What are they derived from?
What do they contain?

A

Responsible for wound contraction when tissue loss has occured

Modified fibroblasts

Actin and myosin

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11
Q

What is the function of macrophage? (2)
What are they derived from?

A

Phagocytic - degrade foreign organisms and cell debris
Antigen presenting - present foreign material to T lymphocytes

Blood monocytes

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12
Q

What three things do mast cells contain? Explain briefly what they all do

A

Histamine - increases blood vessel wall permeability

Heparin - anticoagulant

Cytokines - attract eosinophils and neutrophils

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13
Q

What do mast cells have on their membrane?
What is their function?

A

IgE

IgE bind to allergens
Releasing the contents of the mast cell

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14
Q

What is the function of unilocular adipocytes?
What are they also known as?
What are two key features?

A

Padding
Shock absorber
Insulation
Energy reserve

White

One single large lipid droplet
Nucleus and organelles to the side

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15
Q

What is the function of brown adipocytes?
What are they also known as?
What are two key features?

A

Insulation
Energy reserve

Brown

Small lipid droplets
Nucleus and organelles are central

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16
Q

What are adipocytes derived from? (2)

A

Immature fibroblasts
Mesenchymal stem cells

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17
Q

What is the function of collagen?
What two properties allow this?

A

Structural support

Flexible
High tensile strength

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18
Q

What is the function of elastin?

A

Responsible for elastic recoil after stretch or distension

19
Q

What is the function of reticular fibres?
What is a key fact about them?

A

Provides a supporting framework

Non in lose tissue

20
Q

What is the most common type of collagen?

A

Type I

21
Q

Briefly describe the structure of collagen I
Where is it found?

A

Fibrils aggregate into fibres and fibre bundles

Within tendons and liagments

22
Q

Briefly describe the structure of collagen II
Where is it found?

A

Fibrils do not form fibres

Cartilage

23
Q

Briefly describe the structure of collagen III
Where is it found?
What is it also known as?

A

Fibrils form fibres around muscle and nerve cells

The bone marrow, lymphatic tissue and tendons

Reticulin

24
Q

Briefly describe the structure of collagen III
Where is it found?

A

Unique form

Basement membrane

25
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue?

A

Loose
Dense

26
Q

What is loose tissue also known as?

A

Areolar

27
Q

What is dense tissue also known as? (2)

A

Fibrous
Collagenous

28
Q

How many different cell types loose tissue have in comparison to dense
Name the most common (4)

A

Many

Fibroblasts
Macrophages (and other WBC)
Mast cells
Adipocytes

29
Q

What are the two main fibre in loose tissue?

A

Collagenous
Elastic

30
Q

How much ground substance does loose tissue have in comparison to dense?

A

A lot

31
Q

Name four functions of loose tissue

A
  • Holds vessels that supply fluid - so highly vascularised
  • permits cell migration (due to gaps)
  • packaging around organs
  • holds everything in place
32
Q

Name three key places loose tissue is

A
  • under epithelial cell layers
  • around glands
  • surround capillaries, nerves and sinusoids
33
Q

What is the main component of ground substance?
What are covalently bound to?
What are they composed of?

A

Proteoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans

Polysaccharides

34
Q

What is responsible for hydrating the ground substance?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (bound to the proteoglycans )
GAGs are attached to hyluronate
The sugar moieties attract water

35
Q

What are the two types of dense connective tissue?

A

Irregular - fibres run in different directions

Regular - fibres run in parallel

36
Q

What are the two main things to look out for in mucoid connective tissue?

A

Mucoid connective tissue
Collagen fibres (blue)

37
Q

Name some symptoms of scurvy

A
  • gum disease and tooth loss
  • poor wound healing
  • weakness and fatigue
38
Q

Name some symptoms of marfan’s syndrome

A
  • abnormally tall
  • arachnodactyly
  • joint dislocation
  • risk of aortic rupture
39
Q

Name some symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta

A
  • weak bones
  • blue sclera
  • hypermobility
  • short stature
40
Q

What causes scurvy?

A
  • Vitamin C deficiency
  • causes disruption to collagen fibril production
41
Q

What causes marfan’s syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant

  • fibrillin 1 gene is affected
  • elastic tissue is abnormal - as elastin is surrounded by microfibril fibrilin
42
Q

What causes osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Mutated COL1A gene

Either/both:
- collagen fibres do not knit together
- not enough collagen produced

43
Q

Define connective tissue

A

A tissue that connects, supports, binds or separates other tissue or organs
typically having relatively few cells embedded in an amorphous matrix
Often with collagen or other fibres

Body Logistics (9 decks)

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