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BMS 300 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar, adipose, and reticular

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2
Q

What dense connective tissue?

A

Regular, irregular, and elastic

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3
Q

What is supportive connective tissues?

A

Cartilage- Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
Bones- Compact bone, cancellous/spongy bone

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4
Q

Fluid connective tissue

A

Blood & Lymph

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5
Q

What is Areolar connective tissue?

A

Underlies most epithelia- represents the connective tissue component of epithelial membranes

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6
Q

Where is Areolar connective tissue found?

A

Fills space between muscle fibers, surrounds blood & lymph vessels, supports organs in the abdominal cavity

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7
Q

Areolar connective tissue is ______ specialized CT in adults

A

Least

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8
Q

What are collagen fibers?

A

Straight and unbranched, wound like a rope from protein subunits, great tensile strength, resists stretching, holds connective tissue together during the movements of the body

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9
Q

What are elastic fibers?

A

Contain the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. After being stretched or compressed, it will return to its original shape

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10
Q

What are reticular fibers?

A

Same protein subunit as collagen fibers, they are narrow and arrayed in a branching network

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11
Q

What are Mesenchymal cells?

A

Multipotent adult stem cells can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair

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12
Q

What are Fibroblasts?

A

Secrete polysaccharides and proteins to form extracellular matrix collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans

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13
Q

What do Fibroblasts produce?

A

Secretion produces a viscous ground substance

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14
Q

What are Macrophages?

A

Component of the immune system, large phagocytic cells

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15
Q

What happens when Macrophages are stimulated?

A

They release cytokines to recruit other immune system cells to infected sites and stimulate their activities

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16
Q

What is the Mast Cell?

A

Part of the immune system has many cytoplasmic granules

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17
Q

What are Histamines?

A

An inflammatory mediator that causes vasodilation and increased blood flow at the site of injury or infection along with itching, swelling, and redness

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18
Q

What are Heparins?

A

An anticoagulant that enhances local blood flow during inflammation and reduces the development of blood clots in areas of slow-moving blood

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19
Q

What are Lymphocytes?

A

Numbers increase markedly wherever tissue damage occurs, they may develop into antibody-producing plasma cells

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20
Q

What are Microphages (neutrophils and eosinophils)?

A

Attracted to the site of an infection or injury by chemicals released by macrophages and mast cells

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21
Q

What are Proteoglycans?

A

Polysaccharides ( negative charge attracts H2O) and proteins combine

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22
Q

What is Ground Substance?

A

Proteoglycan attracts and traps water forming the ground substance which absorbs shock

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23
Q

What are the three major classes of macromolecules of the extracellular matrix?

A

Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), Fibrous proteins, and Non-Collagen Glycoproteins

24
Q

What are Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs)?

A

Large and highly charged polysaccharides that are usually covalently linked to protein in the form of proteoglycans

25
Q

What are Fibrous proteins?

A

Primarily members of the collagen family

26
Q

What are Non-Collagen Glycoproteins?

A

Carry conventional asparagine-linked oligosaccharides (laminin)

27
Q

What is the Basement Membrane?

A

Contains the glycoproteins laminin, type IV collagen, nidogen, and proteoglycan perlecan

28
Q

What are Glycosaminoglycans?

A

Unbranched carb polymers that are composed of disaccharide repeating units

29
Q

What components do Glycosaminoglycans have?

A

Amino group and a negatively charged carboxyl group (COO-) and sulfate groups (SO3-)

30
Q

What are Proteoglycans?

A

Molecules composed of a polypeptide and sulfated glycosaminoglycans attached by chemical bindings

31
Q

How are Proteoglycans assembled and released?

A

They are assembled in the cell and released by exocytosis

32
Q

Where are polypeptide synthesis & monosaccharides added?

A

ER

33
Q

Where does elongation of the glycosaminoglycan chain occur?

A

Trans domain of the Golgi complex

34
Q

How do glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycans resist mechanical loads?

A

The hydrated proteoglycans deform and release water under mechanical load, absorbing the impact
Re-hydration of the saccharides occurs after the force is released

35
Q

What is Adipose Tissue?

A

Consists mostly of fat (yellow tinge) storage cells, with little extracellular matrix

36
Q

What permits the rapid storage and mobilization of excess calories as fat droplets in Adipose Tissue?

A

Capillaries

37
Q

What contains fat droplets in the Adipose Tissue?

A

Displaced adipose nuclei and pale staining central vacuole

38
Q

The number and type of adipocytes depends on the _____ and ________ and can ________ among individuals in the population

A

Tissue, location, and vary

39
Q

What is Reticular Tissue?

A

Mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs (lymphatic tissue, spleen, and liver)

40
Q

What do Fibroblastic Reticular Cells produce?

A

They produce reticular fibers that form the network onto which other cells attach

41
Q

What is Dense Connective Tissue-Regular?

A

Closely packed collagen fibers that run parallel to each other enhance tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber’s orientation
Ex: Ligaments and Tendons

42
Q

What is Dense Connective Tissue-Irregular?

A

The direction of fibers is random giving tissue greater strength in all directions and less strength in one particular direction
Ex: Dermis of the skin

43
Q

What is What is Dense Connective Tissue-Elastic?

A

Enables structures to regain original shape after stretching
Ex: Arteries, vocal cords, trachea, and bronchial tubes

44
Q

What is Cartilage-Hyaline?

A

Mature chondrocytes are seen in lacunae, with dispersed collagen fibers and large amounts of proteoglycans
Ex: Rib cage, nose, covers bones where they meet to form moveable joint

45
Q

What does the embryonic skeleton do?

A

Makes a template before bone formation

46
Q

What is Cartilage-Fibroelastic?

A

Chondrocytes in lacunae arrange in clusters or alternate rows
Fibrocartilage is tough because it has thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed through its matrix, limiting movement, preventing bone-bone contact, resisting compression
Ex: Knee and jaw joints and intervertebral disc

47
Q

What is Cartilage-Elastic?

A

Scant matrix (collagen and proteoglycans), supportive but bends easily

48
Q

What is bone’s extracellular matrix?

A

Contains mostly collagen fibers, embedded in a mineralized ground substance containing hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate

49
Q

What would happen if bones didn’t have collagen?

A

They would be brittle and shatter easily

50
Q

What would happen if bones didn’t have mineral crystals?

A

Bones would flex and provide little support

51
Q

What is fluid connective tissue?

A

Blood pressure causes the plasma to leak into the interstitial space and most are reabsorbed back into the blood vessels

52
Q

What is Lymph?

A

Interstitial fluid once it enters the lymphatic system

53
Q

Function of Connective Tissue

A

Connect and protect, store energy reserve

54
Q

Function of Supporting Tissue

A

Structural strength and body framework

55
Q

Function of Fluid Connective Tissues

A

Transport dissolved materials, protection from pathogens

BMS 300 (8 decks)

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