DNA Replication

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains DNA

Question 2

Nuclear membrane

Answer 2

Continuous with ER

Question 3

Nuclear pores

Answer 3

Allow selective transport, open to the cytosol

Question 4

What can move through nuclear pores freely?

Answer 4

Ions and small molecules

Question 5

What is regulated through nuclear pores?

Answer 5

Proteins and nucleic acids

Question 6

DNA Organization

Answer 6

DNA -> Nucleosomes -> Chromatin -> Chromosomes

Question 7

Euchromatin

Answer 7

Loose DNA is accessible

Question 8

Heterochromatin

Answer 8

Compact DNA is inaccessible

Question 9

How was it discovered nucleic acids weren’t proteins?

Answer 9

Unaffected by pepsin, which breaks down proteins

Question 10

What do nucleic acids contain?

Answer 10

Phosphorous, no sulfur

Question 11

Avery-MacLeod McCarty Experiment

Answer 11

Evidence that DNA, not proteins, carries genetic info

Question 12

What was the result of the Avery-MacLeod McCarty Experiment?

Answer 12

When injected with both heat-killed smooth strain (causes pneumonia) and rough strain (harmless) led to pneumonia

Question 13

DNase treatment

Answer 13

DNA was damaged and the mouse lived

Question 14

Protease treatment

Answer 14

Broken proteins and the mosue died

Question 15

Hershey Chase Experiment

Answer 15

Bacteriophages consisting of DNA and proteins, infect bacteria with genetic material to replicate

Question 16

In the Hershey Chase Experiment, what were proteins labeled with?

Answer 16

Sulfur

Question 17

In the Hershey Chase Experiment, what was DNA labeled with?

Answer 17

Phosphorous

Question 18

What was the result of the Hershey Chase Experiment?

Answer 18

After the infection, the bacteria showed only phosphorus (DNA) labeling

Question 19

Nucleotide properties

Answer 19

Phosphate group, base & pento sugar

Question 20

Nucleoside properties

Answer 20

Base, pento sugar

Question 21

Purines

Answer 21

Adenine (a), Guanine (G0

Question 22

Pyrimidines

Answer 22

Cytosine (C, DNA), Thymine (T, DNA & RNA), Uracil (U, RNA)

Question 23

Ribose and Deoxyribose Pentose Sugar

Answer 23

Carbon 1 links the base, Carbon 2 identifies sugar, and Carbon 3&5 forms the phosphodiester bond (backbone)

Question 24

What is the difference between Ribose and Deoxyribose Pentose Sugar?

Answer 24

Ribose: OH on Carbon 2
Deoxyribose: H on Carbon 2

Question 25

Structure of phosphodiester bonds

Answer 25

OH on the 3' carbon of the first nucleotide binds the phosphate group on the 5' carbon of the second nucleotide

Question 26

Nucleic acid polymer nomenclature

Answer 26

Name bases (A, T, G) starting at 5' end

Question 27

Chargaff's Rule

Answer 27

A=T G=C

Question 28

Watson and Click

Answer 28

DNA was double helix and not triple helix Bases faced inwards and outwards

Question 29

DNA orientation

Answer 29

Antiparallel

Question 30

How do base pairs interact?

Answer 30

Hydrogen bonds

Question 31

How many hydrogen bonds are there between A-T?

Answer 31

Two H-bonds

Question 32

How many hydrogen bonds are there between C-G?

Answer 32

Three H-Bonds

Question 33

Base pair rationale

Answer 33

To form H bonds there must be an optimal distance

Question 34

Why can't 2 purine form?

Answer 34

They will not fit

Question 35

Why can't 2 pyrimidines form?

Answer 35

They will be too far apart

Question 36

Hydrogen bonds can't form between what bases?

Answer 36

GT and AC

Question 37

DNA is only duplicated for _________

Answer 37

Cell division

Question 38

Each cell only has _____ copy of DNA

Answer 38

One

Question 39

The entire genetic code is copied into ___________

Answer 39

Two identical daughter cells

Question 40

What is helicase?

Answer 40

Breaks H-bonds between base pairs

Question 41

What is DNA primase?

Answer 41

Creates RNA primer

Question 42

What is DNA polymerase?

Answer 42

Reads template sequence 3'-5' and write 5'-3

Question 43

What is DNA ligase?

Answer 43

Joins Okazaki fragments

Question 44

What are Okazaki fragments?

Answer 44

A short sequence was found on the lagging strand

Question 45

The leading strand is ______

Answer 45

Continuous

Question 46

The lagging strand is ____

Answer 46

Made in pieces

Question 47

DNA creates _______

Answer 47

Two identical DNA double helices, one original and one daughter strand