Connective Tissue

Question 1

the fluid component of blood

Answer 1

plasma

Question 2

a tissue, the major constituent of which is extracellular matrix

Answer 2

connective tissue

Question 3

osteoid matrix- over 90% collagen type 1 embedded in a ground substance of proteoglycans, condroitin, keratin, and hyaluronic acid. Mineralized with calcium phosphate as _______

Answer 3

hydroxyapatite

Question 4

extracellular material between cartilage cells

Answer 4

chondroid matrix

or ground substance

Question 5

polysaccharides formed or repeating disaccharide sub-units composed of ironic acid and hexosamine

Answer 5

glycosaminoglycans

Question 6

a hexose with the primary hydroxyl group oxidized to form an acid

Answer 6

uronic acid

Question 7

a hexose with an amino acid attached

Answer 7

hexosamine

Question 8

in glycosaminoglycans, ironic acid, and hexosamine, ______ is the predominant molecular component

Answer 8

carbohydrate

Question 9

protein core with many glucosaminoglycans attached

Answer 9

proteoglycan molecules

Question 10

hyaluronic acid core with many proteoglycans attached

Answer 10

proteoglycan aggregates

Question 11

most abundant protein in the human body

Answer 11

collagen

Question 12

type of collagen that is most common, found in every connective tissue, forms tendons and ligaments

Answer 12

type I

Question 13

type of collagen that is found only in hyaline and elastic cartilage and in the vitreous body of eye

Answer 13

type II

Question 14

type of collagen that is found in reticular fibers, healing wounds, smooth muscle, fetal skin, support for cellular structure of some organs such as the liver and spleen.

Answer 14

Type III

Question 15

type of collagen that is found in the basal lamina of epithelia

Answer 15

type IV (4)

Question 16

type of collagen that is found in placental basal laminae, tendon, and muscle sheaths

Answer 16

type V

Question 17

stained black by silver salts

Answer 17

agyrophillic

Question 18

• forms a network of fibers
• type III collagen
• stained black by silver salts
• important in anchoring small blood vessels to surrounding tissue
• in smooth muscle

Answer 18

reticular fibers

Question 19

• form broad, wavy diffuse stained bundles
• bundles branch and fuse forming a network
• yellow in living tissue
• protein elastin makes it yellow and elastic

Answer 19

elastic fibers (thinner that collagen fibers in pics)

Question 20

• actively involved in secretion of extracellular matrix (ground substance) and in fiber formation, usually collagen
• associated with most CT
• involved in woud healing, if absent, wound will not heal
• grow easily in tissue culture (too easily)

Answer 20

fibroblast

Question 21

macrophages are derived from

Answer 21

monocytes

Question 22

• many are present in Loose CT
• actively phagocytic
• derived from monocytes

Answer 22

macrophages

Question 23

• form embryonic connective tissue cells
• resemble fibroblasts, but smaller
• along capillaries and called pericytes

Answer 23

mesenchymal cells

Question 24

• form 3 dimensional networks of cells that are in contact via long processes
• may be phagocytic
• precursonrs for blood stem cells
• function in immune response

Answer 24

• reticular cells

Question 25

wandering cells that contain basophilic granules composed of heparin (a sulfated glycosaminoglycan) as well as other pharmacological agents such as histamine. important in allergic reactions

Answer 25

mast cells

Question 26

antibody producing B lymphocytes

Answer 26

plasma cells

Question 27

two types of adipose cells and functions

Answer 27

white fat: unilocular adipose- lipid storage | brown fat: multilocular storage- heat production

Question 28

white blood cells

Answer 28

leukocytes

Question 29

the dominant protein component of hyaline cartilage is

Answer 29

collagen type 2

Question 30

location of hyaline cartilage

Answer 30

trachea

Question 31

the main cell type of the perichondrium is

Answer 31

fibroblasts

Question 32

immature cartilage cells that are not yet stuck in the lacunae

Answer 32

chondroblasts | - secrete extracellular matrix

Question 33

mature cartilage cell

Answer 33

chondrocyte

Question 34

2 or 3 chondrocytes and lacunae together

Answer 34

isogenic group

Question 35

cartilage that is blueish white in color

Answer 35

hyaline cartilage

Question 36

cartilage that is yellow in color

Answer 36

elastic cartilage

Question 37

elastic cartilage has a high concentration of what fibers

Answer 37

elastic fibers

Question 38

does elastic cartilage calcify?

Answer 38

no

Question 39

location of elastic cartilage

Answer 39

ears

Question 40

does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

what is the main fiber in fibrocartilage

Answer 41

collagen type 1

Question 42

location of fibrocartilage

Answer 42

intervertebral disk

Question 43

growth due to the secretion of matrix into the interstitial regions between cells or groups of cells

Answer 43

interstitial growth

Question 44

bone that originated from cartilage template

Answer 44

endochondral bone

Question 45

bone formed without a cartilage template

Answer 45

membranous bone

Question 46

shaft of a bone

Answer 46

diaphysis

Question 47

ends of a long bone

Answer 47

epiphysis

Question 48

area of growth on a long bone

Answer 48

metaphysis

Question 49

outer layer of connective tissue that covers the bone, contains fibroblasts and a high concentration of collagen fibers

Answer 49

periosteum

Question 50

collagen fibers originating in the periosteum, penetrate the calcified bone matrix and bond periosteum to bone

Answer 50

sharpey's fibers

Question 51

lines the internal surface of bones, one cell thick, NOT 2 layers

Answer 51

endosteum

Question 52

mature bone cells that synthesize and secrete the osteiod matrix that will calcify as the bones extracellular matrix

Answer 52

osteoblasts

Question 53

mature bone cells, osteoblasts that have not become embedded in calcified bone matrix

Answer 53

osteocytes

Question 54

act to reabsorb bone, remodeled constantly

Answer 54

osteoclasts

Question 55

calcitonin does what in bone, where does it come from

Answer 55

inhibits action of osteoclasts - lowers Ca++ concentration in blood - thyroid

Question 56

what causes the Ca++ concentration to raise in blood, causes osteoclasts to be more active, and where does it come from

Answer 56

- parathyroid hormone | - from parathyroid gland

Question 57

as a strand of matrix (in bone) is invested with inorganic salts, it is called a

Answer 57

spicule

Question 58

spicules fuse with one another and form

Answer 58

trabeculae

Question 59

the secretion by osteoblasts is cyclic and results in layers of bone material called

Answer 59

lamellae - lamellar bone

Question 60

most of the bones in the mammalian body are initially formed by

Answer 60

endochondral means

Question 61

two other words for spongy bone

Answer 61

cancellous or trabecular

Question 62

concentric sub laters surrounding longitudinal tunnels for blood vessels and nerves that are called the

Answer 62

haversian canals

Question 63

radical tunnels called _____ ______ that connect the haversian canals with one another and with the bone marrow and periosteum regions

Answer 63

Volkman's canals

Question 64

the ____ and _____ are tubes though witch blood vessels and nerves can pass within the compact bone

Answer 64

volkmans and haversian

Question 65

when a layer of chondroblasts can lay down matrix at the outer edge of a mass of cartilage

Answer 65

appositional growth

Question 66

intramembranous formation occurs mainly in the

Answer 66

bones of the skull, flat