Nervous Tissue

Question 1

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 2

consisting of the nerves extending toward or away from CNS and ganglia (aggregates of nerve cell bodies outside CNS)

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

the two major types of nervous cells

Answer 3

glial cells and neurons

Question 4

responsible for condition, propagation and reception of nervous impulses. processes called axons or dendrites extend from these cells

Answer 4

neurons

Question 5

(neuroglia) cells associated with neurons. no axons or dendrites. these cells are involved in nutrition, support, insulation and protection of neurons

Answer 5

glial cells

Question 6

nervous tissue where neuron perkikarya (cell bodies), glial cells, axons, dendrites, synapses are found

Answer 6

gray matter

Question 7

nervous tissue where axons, myelin sheaths, oligodendrocytes, and global cells are found. no neuron perikarya, no synapses

Answer 7

white matter

Question 8

nerve cell body, contains nucleus and typical cell organelles

Answer 8

perikaryon

Question 9

nerves have lots of this for synthesis of structural and transport proteins, Nissel bodies seen with light microscope

Answer 9

rough ER

Question 10

pigments deposit vesicles, increase with age, from autophagosome activity

Answer 10

lipofuscin deposit.

inclusions

Question 11

cell processes, may be branched, forms receptive area for synaptic contacts from other neurons. neurons have more than one of these

Answer 11

dendrite

Question 12

single, long, thin cell process extending away form the perikaryon. may be branched, the ends of branches form synapses with other neurons or muscle cells, may be myelinated or not
each neuron only has one of these

Answer 12

axon

Question 13

oligodendroglia myelinate in

Answer 13

CNS

Question 14

Schwann cells myelinate in

Answer 14

PNS

Question 15

pyramid shaped region where axon originates from perikaryon

Answer 15

axon hillock

Question 16

unmyelinated initial portion of axon

Answer 16

initial segment

Question 17

axons carry _______ to synapses at end of axon

Answer 17

electrical impulses (action potentials)

Question 18

specialized junctions with other cells that are along the length or at the end of an axon.
- act as transmission points for electoral impulses or chemical (ionic changes)

Answer 18

synapses

Question 19

synapses at end of an axon or axon branches that are swollen into a club shape are called

Answer 19

boutons terminaux

Question 20

synapses along the length of an axon result in ________ (swellings) in the axon called

Answer 20

varicosities

boutons en passage

Question 21

part of the neuron plasmalemma

Answer 21

terminal or presynaptic membrane

Question 22

this is a space between the presynaptic membrane of the axon and the plasmalemma of the cell that receives the synaptic input

Answer 22

synaptic gap or cleft

Question 23

part of the plasmalemma of a cell that receives input

Answer 23

postsynaptic membrane

Question 24

many small vesicles in the bouton that contain neurotransmitters

Answer 24

synaptic vesicles

Question 25

name two neurotransmitters

Answer 25

acetylcholine and serotonin

Question 26

type of neuron where there are more than 2 processes ( one axon + multiple dendrites) most of neurons on brain and spinal cord

Answer 26

multipolar neuron

Question 27

multipolar neurons are found mainly

Answer 27

in the brain and spinal cord

Question 28

the brain and spinal cord consist of what type of neuron

Answer 28

multipolar neuron

Question 29

type of neuron where there are 2 major processes ( axon and dendrite ) but may be branched at ends, sensory neurons in retina, cochlea, and olfactory epithelium have this type

Answer 29

bipolar neuron

Question 30

type of neuron where there are two major processes that are fused oblong portions closest to perikaryon, found in spinal ganglia and in some cranial ganglia

Answer 30

pseudounipolar

Question 31

pseudo unipolar developmentally starts out as

Answer 31

bipolar

Question 32

efferent, action potential moves from CNS to effector organ (e.g. muscle) in peripheral regions

Answer 32

motor neurons

Question 33

afferent, action potential moves from sensory organ to CNS (e.g. neuron processes (effectively dendrites, but often called axons) associated with pacinian corpuscles (touch and pressure)

Answer 33

sensory neurons

Question 34

form connections between neurons

Answer 34

interneurons

Question 35

there are many more ____ ____ in the nervous system than there are neurons

Answer 35

glial cells

Question 36

4 glial cells found in CNS

Answer 36

1. astrocyte 2. oligodendrocyte 3. microglia cell 4. ependymal cell

Question 37

provide both mechanical and metabolic support for neurons, regulating the environment where they function, they contribute to the blood brain barrier and control transport of substances from the blood to neural tissue, they also help coordinate nerve pathway development

Answer 37

astrocyte glial from CNS

Question 38

two types of astrocytes

Answer 38

protoplasmic astrocytes | fibrous astrocytes

Question 39

granular cytoplasm, many branches on thicker and shorted processes. found in gray matter.

Answer 39

protoplasmic astrocytes

Question 40

long slender processes, found in white matter mainly, function unknown, type of glial cell in CNS

Answer 40

fibrous astrocyte

Question 41

forms part of the myelin sheath for a few axons in CNS smaller than astrocyte both gray and white matter these cells must be futures with neurons in order to get neurons to grow in tissue culture - interactive association

Answer 41

oligodendrocyte

Question 42

provide a protective function to nervous tissue in that that can become phagocytic elongated cell body that stains densely, can be confused with oli. glial cell in CNS

Answer 42

microglia cells

Question 43

line the cavities in the CNS form the lining of the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, make a contribution to the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CNS) dilated cells forming single layer of cubical epithelium that lines the entire neurocoel

Answer 43

ependymal cells

Question 44

types of glial cells in the PNS

Answer 44

1. Schwann cells | 2. satellite cells

Question 45

forms a part of the myelin sheath for an axon in PNS

Answer 45

Schwann cells

Question 46

encapsulate and provide protein and support for the cell bodies of peripheral neurons in the many peripheral ganglia

Answer 46

satellite cell

Question 47

nerves are surrounded by a thick connective tissue sheath composed of collagenous fibers and fibroblasts and containing small blood vessels that is called the _____. this extends into the nerve and between the fascicles.

Answer 47

epineurium

Question 48

groups of axons =, each which is ensheathed by a single or multiple folds (layers of plasmalemma from a Schwann cell) of a sheath cell -

Answer 48

nerve fibers

Question 49

each bundle (or fascicle) of axons is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the

Answer 49

perineurium

Question 50

each axon within each bindle is individually surrounded by a layer of reticular connective tissue called the

Answer 50

endoneurium

Question 51

myelin acts to ____ axon, it _____ ___ condition of electrical impulses due to the formation of nodes of rangier where adjacent sheath cells meet along the length of an axon

Answer 51

insulate axon speeds up condition

Question 52

the ___ the nodes of rangier along a given axon, the faster the transmission

Answer 52

fewer

Question 53

involuntary component to the nervous system called

Answer 53

autonomic nervous system

Question 54

autonomic nervous system important in three things

Answer 54

1. control of smooth muscle 2. secretion of some glands 3. modulation of some glands

Question 55

two parts of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 55

1. sympathetic | 2. parasympathetic

Question 56

part of the autonomic nervous system neurotransmitter is norepinephrine- adrenergic synapses. generally stimulates enhances activity

Answer 56

sympathetic

Question 57

neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 57

norepinephrine

Question 58

part of the autonomic nervous system neurotransmitter is acetylcholine- cholinergic synapses generally slows activity

Answer 58

parasympathetic

Question 59

neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 59

acetylcholine

Question 60

an aggregation of neurons and associated glial cells outside the CNS

Answer 60

ganglion

Question 61

purely sensory ganglia, part of voluntary nervous system, connective tissue capsule surrounds ganglia - neurons cortical (peripheral) - shoe Nissl bodies and lipofuscin

Answer 61

dorsal root ganglia, cranial ganglia