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BMS 191 > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What does connective tissue encompass?

A

Forms all other types of tissue e.g bone cells, blood, fat and fibres

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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Widely spread cells

Variability in vascularity between CT types due to different cells

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3
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Consists of ground substance and fibres

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4
Q

Ground substance

A

Consists of water and large molecules like hyauronic acid and proteoglycans

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5
Q

Matrix fibres

A

Includes collagen, reticular and elastic

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6
Q

Different types of cells

A 
Fibroblasts
Osteoblasts/osteocytes (bone)
Chondroblasts/ chondrocytes (Cartilage)
Red and white blood cells (macrophages; mast cells and plasma cells
Adipocytes (fat cells)
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7
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A 
Binding organs
Support
Physical protection
Storage
Transport
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8
Q

Example of binding organs

A

Tendons bind muscles to bone

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9
Q

Example of support

A

Bones of the skeletal system provide rigid support for the body

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10
Q

Example of Physical protection

A

Vertebral column protects the spinal cord and fat cushions organs like kidneys

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11
Q

Example of Storage

A

Adipose tissue stores the bodies major energy reserve and bones provide storage from minerals like calcium

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12
Q

Example of Transport

A

Blood transports like gases, nutrients, hormones and wastes throughout the body

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13
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Secrete fibres of this tissue

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14
Q

Macrophages

A

Engulf cell debris, foreign matter, and micro-organisms in coherence with the immune response

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15
Q

Adipocytes

A

Store lipids (fat cells)

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16
Q

Plasma cells

A

Secrete antibodies in response to infection

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17
Q

Mast cells

A

Found next to capillaries, involved in infection response and allergic reactions

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18
Q

Reticular fibres

A

Smaller form of collagen, support small cel groups of blood forming tissues, lymphatic tissues and adipose tissues

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19
Q

Collagen

A

Linkages of protein exhibiting great tensile strength

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20
Q

Elastic fibres

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A

Made of protein elastin

21
Q

Types of connective tissue

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A 
Areolar
Reticular
Adipose
Regular
irregular
Cartilage 
Bone (osseous)
Blood and lymph
22
Q

Areolar (loose fibrous connective tissue)

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A

Loose arrangement of fibres and cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, fat cells and some white blood cells) in abundant group substance

23
Q

Areolar (loose fibrous connective tissue) locations

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A

Underlies all epithelia, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels

24
Q

Areolar (loose fibrous connective tissue) functions

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A

Stretch and flexible connection

25
Reticular (loose fibrous connective tissue)
Loose network of reticular fibres and cells) | Forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs
26
Reticular (loose fibrous connective tissue) locations
Lymph nodes Spleen Thymus Bone marrow
27
Reticular (loose fibrous connective tissue) function
Defence against microorganisms and other injurious substances Reticular meshwork filters out injurious particles, and reticular cells phagocytose them
28
Adipose (loose fibrous connective tissue)
Contains mostly fat cells (adipocytes) and some fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells
29
Adipose (loose fibrous connective tissue) functions
Acts as food (energy) reserve, support, protection, insulation (white fat) and heat generation (brown fat) Produces the hormone leptin, which signals to the brain how much fat is stored
30
Regular (dense fibrous tissue)
Matrix consists mainly of densely packed fibres in regular parallel rows and has relatively few fibroblasts
31
Types of regular (dense fibrous tissue)
Collagenous | Elastic
32
Collagenous regular (dense fibrous tissue)
Mostly collagenous fibres in the extracellular matrix | e.g tendons and ligaments
33
Elastic regular (dense fibrous tissue)
Mostly elastic fibres in the extracellular matrix | e.g arteries
34
Irregular (dense fibrous tissue)
Densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibres and few visible cells Withstands stresses applied in different directions
35
Irregular (dense fibrous tissue) locations
Deeper layer of skin; Capsules around organs
36
Cartilage tissue
Supportive connective tissue with flexible rubbery matrix | Avascular
37
Type of cell in Cartilage tissue and its role
Chondrocytes | Produce fibres and the ground substance of cartilage
38
Perichondrium
Membrane that surrounds the cartilage
39
Types of fibres in cartilage
Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage
40
Hyaline roles
Most prevalent type Supports airway Eases joint movement
41
Hyaline composition
Rubbery matrix; Dispersed collagen fibres Clustered chondrocytes in lacunae (gap)
42
Hyaline locations
Ends of bones at movable joints (articular cartilage) Sternal ends of ribs Supportive material in larynx (voice box) Trachea Bronchi Foetal skeleton
43
Fibrocartilage
Strongest and most durable type of cartilage | Serves as shock absorbing material between bones
44
Fibrocartilage locations
Between bones at the knee (meniscus) | In intervertebral disks and pubic symphysis
45
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage containing many fine elastic fibres | Provides strength and flexibility
46
Elastic cartilage locations
External ear and epiglottis
47
Bone (osseous) tissue
Hard connective tissue that consists of living and mineralised matrix (specialised crystals called hydroxyapatite which contains calcium and phosphate)
48
Blood and lymph (liquid connective tissue)
Consists of cells suspended in extracellular matrix that is a liquid e.g in blood the extracellular matrix is called blood plasma
49
Blood and lymph locations
Found in heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

BMS 191 (27 decks)

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