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MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (Mrs. Lucia Rigos) > Connective tissue, Cartilage & Bone > Flashcards

Connective tissue, Cartilage & Bone Flashcards

1
Q

❑ Holds, binds and support other tissue together
❑ Intercellular substance is the predominating component
❑ Most abundant with most numerous varieties
❑ Distinguished by the
❑ types and numbers of cells
❑ Nature of extracellular matrix

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

glycoproteins or glycosaminoglycans, a gel like that fills the spaces between the fibers and cells; medium through which O2, nutrients and by-products diffuse

A

Ground substance

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3
Q

Normal cellular constituents
of connective tissue

A

Resident cells

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4
Q

Stellate or spindle shaped with cytoplasmic processes;
cells of the embryo which transform into different types of adult cells as
development progresses

A

Mesenchymal cells

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5
Q

Most common resident cells of loose c.t.; shape of the cells depend on their location in the connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

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6
Q

Similar in form with the mesenchymal cells; mainly found in lymphatic organs where they produce reticular fibers

A

Reticular cells

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7
Q
  • Rounded with bean or indented nucleus
  • Also called histiocytes or
    clasmatocytes –have varied shape, when crowded by other tissue components-they are angular and their nucleus is bean shaped
A

Macrophages

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8
Q

–size and shape vary greatly in different animals even within the same species

-nucleus rounded, central to
eccentrical in placement

  • granules contain heparin and
    histamine that cause inflammation (allergy)
A

Mast cells

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9
Q

Large multinucleated cells formed from the fusion of monocytes or
macrophages

A

Foreign body giant cells

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10
Q

Are of two types:
1. White adipose cells - appear like a signet ring with a
nucleus bulging slightly from one side of
the ring/cell

-in tissue section, adipose cells appear
empty because the fats are dissolved by
alcohol during processing

  1. Brown adipose cells- characterized by
    numerous fat droplets thus, called
    multilocular
  • are mainly found in hibernating animals
A

Fat or adipose cells

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11
Q

Stellate cells occurring around (peri=around) a capillary or small vessel where they intimately in contact with the lining epithelium

A

Pericytes

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12
Q

Not normally
present in the c.t. but generally located in the circulating blood and they invade the c.t. when
the need arise

A

Transient cells

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13
Q

Sometime seen in plasma
cells which is an indication of degeneration of
the cells

A

Russel bodies

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14
Q
  • pink-staining with H & E and appear as wavy bundles,
  • most common and largest fibers
  • strong and flexible, yet able to
    resist stretch
A

Collagen Fibers

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15
Q
  • Composed of elastin
  • are long, thin, straight and branched fibers, when broken appears like corkscrew
  • Stains more pink than collagen
    fibers in H&E staining
  • stained with special stain such as
    orcein or Weigerts resorcin fuschin
A

Elastic Fibers

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16
Q
  • fibers are short and thin
    interconnecting with each other
    forming a net-like arrangement.
  • stained with silver (Argyrophilic)
  • stained also with PAS
  • Commonly found in lymphatic tissues
A

Reticular Fibers

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17
Q

This component of the connective tissue is very scant in amount except in blood (special type of connective tissue) where it comprises the greatest bulk

A

Fluids

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18
Q

Temporary in their existence, being present only in the developing
embryos

A

Embryonal connective tissues

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19
Q

Comprise the c.t. of growing and
adult animals

A

Adult connective tissue

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20
Q
  • composed primarily of stellate mesenchymal cells embedded in a jelly-like amorphous substance
  • found only in developing embryo
A

Mesenchymal connective tissue

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21
Q
  • Found in wharton’s jelly of the
    umbilical cord
  • Can be found also in the combs and wattles of birds and in the lamina propria of the omasum
A

Mucoid connective tissue

22
Q
  • Most common or ordinary
    connective in the body;
  • Contains all the cells described before except the reticular cells
  • Contains both the amorphous and formed intercellular substance
  • Found in the subepithelial connective tissue (l.propria and t.
    submucosa),
  • Mesenteries and in between muscles and nerves
A

Loose connective tissue

23
Q
  • Fibers are the predominant components
  • Fibers are tightly arranged to make the tissue appear thick or dense
A

Dense connective tissue

24
Q

–Characterized by the orderly arrangement
of the fibers; there two types:

  1. Collagenous connective tissue also known as the regular DWFCT-the few fibroblasts are arranged longitudinally in between parallel bundles of collagen
  • found in tendons and ligaments and aponeurosis
  1. Elastic connective tissue is very similar to the regular DWFCT except that the predominant fibers are elastic which are branched
  • present in the nuchal ligament, t. media of large (elastic) arteries
A

Regular dense connective tissue

25
Q

Characterized by not orderly parallel array of collagenous fibers found in the dermis of the skin

A

Irregular dense connective tissue

26
Q

Primarily composed of reticular fibers and is found in the fibrous stroma of lymphatic and blood forming organs

A

Reticular connective tissue

27
Q

Actually areolar connective tissue containing pigment cells; found in the choroid and iris of the eye and connective tissue of pigmented skin

A

Pigmented connective tissue

28
Q

Another variant of loose/areolar connective tissue
where the predominant cells are adipose cells

A

Adipose tissue

29
Q

▪ Consists of cells and extensive
ECM of fibers and ground substance
▪ Avascular
▪ Covered by perichondrium
▪ Inner layer- chondrogenic layer (cellular)
▪ Outer layer- fibrous layer

A

Cartilage

30
Q

The unit of cartilages

A

Chondron

31
Q

Secrete the extracellular matrix (ECM) and become less active and contained in a space called lacuna

A

Chondroblast

32
Q

Are the less active cells ,but maintain and repair the matrix of the cartilage cells

A

Chondrocytes

33
Q

Multinucleated cartilage eating cells

A

Chondroclast

34
Q
  • Most common type
  • Found in developing vertebrate skeleton, epiphyseal disc, articular cartilage, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi ,ventral end of ribs
  • Matrix contains collagenous fibers
    o Interterritorial matrix
    o Territorial matrix

• Isogenous group – clusters of 2
to 4 chondrocytes occupying the
same lacuna

A

HYALINE CARTILAGE

35
Q
  • Similar to the structure of hyaline but with numerous elastic fibers
  • Found in epiglottis, parts of larynx and pinna, auditory tube, epiglottis
A

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

36
Q

■ Transition of cartilage and connective tissue

■ Characterized by the “herringbone configuration” which is a “V shaped”
arrangement of the collagenous fibers

■ Also linear arrangement of chondrocytes, embedded in small amount of cartilage matrix, between bundles of collagenous fibers is
distinct

■ Found in the intervertebral disks and articular menisci, pubic symphysis, os cordis, tendons closed to bone

A

FIBROELASTIC CARTILAGE

37
Q
  • Cellular tissue embedded in a mineralized matrix component
  • Covered by periosteum and
    endosteum
A

Bone

38
Q

The outer covering of the bone, composed of dense connective
tissue

A

Periosteum

39
Q

The inner covering of osteogenic layer

A

Endosteum

40
Q

It gives rise to osteoblast

A

Osteogenic stem cells

41
Q

Basophilic cells, found on the surface of the bone where they deposit the organic (ground substance and fibers) inorganic components of the bone

A

Osteoblast

42
Q

The mature osteoblast surrounded by bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

43
Q
  • The large, multinucleated cells, reabsorbed bone matrix during bone development and repair
  • “Bone eaters”
A

Osteoclast

44
Q

Unit structure of bone tissue

A

Osteon

45
Q

Multiple layers of bone matrix
- Circumferential lamellae
- Concentric lamellae

A

Lamellae

46
Q

Formed by concentric lamellae; oriented parallel to the long axis of the bone

A

Haversian system

47
Q

Central canal; contains blood vessels and nerves

A

Haversian Canal

48
Q

Transverse canal; connects vessels and nerves or periosteum, central canal and medullary cavity

A

Volksmann’s canal

49
Q

Small space where the bone cells’ cytoplasmic process embed

A

Canaliculi

50
Q

More space than bone matrix; formed by interconnected meshwork of spicules or trabeculae

A

Spongy Bones

51
Q

More bone matrix than space; formed by densely packed layers of bone matrix with osteocytes
sandwiched in between layers;

A

Compact Bones

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (Mrs. Lucia Rigos) (5 decks)

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