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microscopic anatomy (mrs. lucia rigos) > Nervous System & Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Nervous System & Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

▪ is a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an animal’s surroundings and itself.

▪ processes this information and causes reactions in other parts of the body.

▪ composed of neurons and other specialized cells called glia, that aids in the function of the neurons.

▪ It is divided broadly into two categories: the peripheral and the central

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

o composed of the brain, its stem and spinal cord;

o contains several pools of neurons interconnected by cell processes

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

o comprise the nerve trunks (cranial & spinal nerves), ganglia and nerve endings)

A

Peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

The fibrous covering membrane
that encloses the brain & spinal cord.

A

Meninges

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5
Q

The outer most tough fibrous covering consisting of collagen and some elastic fibers and blood vessels =pachymeninx

A

Dura mater

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6
Q

The middle layer of distinct collagen & elastic fibers with many trabeculae on its surface;

Trabeculae serve as a supportive network for the subarachnoid space occupied by CSF

A

Arachnoid

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7
Q

The inner most protective
membrane extending into the
depressions and fissures of the brain
and spinal cord; consists of fine
collagenous & elastic fibers.

A

Pia mater

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8
Q

Arachnoid and Pia mater forms the ______________

A

Leptomeninges

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9
Q

It is composed of Ependyma, Tela choroidea, and Vascular plexus.

A

Choroid plexus

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10
Q

It is composed of a thin layer of epithelial cell lining the ventricular space with the peripherally positioned pia mater.

A

Ependyma

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11
Q

Thin, web-like connective tissue layer

A

Telo choroidea

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12
Q

It is contained withinn the delicate tissue projecting into the ventricular system as extensive poles.

A

Vascular plexus

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13
Q

Round to oval structure surrounded by meninges. Divided into: grey matter and white matter

A

Spinal cord

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14
Q

Forming H or butterfly shape consisting of nerve cell bodies,
neuroglia, unmyelnted fibers &
some myelinated.

A

Grey matter (spinal cord)

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15
Q

The area outside the H or butterfly shape consisting of primarily
myelinated fibers, also unmyetd fibers, glial cells and blood vessels ; areas include the dorsal funiculus occupies the region betwn DC, lateral funiculus
betwn adjacent DC & VC,ventral
funiculus betwn VC

A

White matter (spinal cord)

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16
Q

Composed of small
neurons and unmyelinated fibers

A

Outer molecular layer of cerebellum (grey matter)

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17
Q

The large pyramidal cell

A

Middle purkinje layer of cerebellum (grey matter)

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18
Q

It is consist of small &
tightly packed cell

A

Inner glanular layer of cerebellum (grey matter)

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19
Q

It is composed of myelinated fibers is surrounded by the grey matter

A

White matter (cerebellum)

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20
Q

It is composed of myelinated axons

A

White matter

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21
Q

It is composed of cell bodies, dendrites and neuroglia

A

Grey matter

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22
Q

o comprise the nerve trunks (cranial & spinal nerves), ganglia and nerve endings)

A

Peripheral nervous system

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23
Q

It includes neuron that carry information from external environment to the CNS and back to skeletal muscle

A

Somatic nervous system

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24
Q

It includes neurons that carry information from the external environment to the CNS and back to skeletal muscle, but the evocation of response involves the visceral organs

A

Automatic nervous system

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25
Q

Accumulations of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

Ganglia

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26
Q

Aggregations of cell bodies within the central nervous system

A

Nuclei

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27
Q

It comprises the cranial ganglia of the cranial nerves and dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves

A

Sensory ganglia

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28
Q

The paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia within the sympha.NS;

  • Parasympha ganglia are the terminal g close to, upon or w/n organs wall= intramural g
A

Motor ganglia

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29
Q

The neuronal processes or nerve fibers connecting the brain, brain stem and spinal cord
to peripheral dendritic zones or axon telodendria.
They are covered by dense collagenous fibers
(endoneurium and perineurium)

A

Nerve trunks

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30
Q

The transducers of various
modalities such as pain, touch, warmth, pressure, etc

A

Afferent nerve ending

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31
Q

It is found in the hairless skin of the sole and palms which are pressure
receptor

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

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32
Q

Similar to and larger and more encapsulated than golgi
mazzoni; pressure receptor found in the clitoris and glans penis

A

Genital corpuscle

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33
Q

The largest
encapsulated nerve ending which is a pressure receptor located in deep connective tissue

A

Vater pacinian corpuscle

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34
Q

The smaller version of pacinian found in the tongues and beaks of birds

A

Herbst corpuscle

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35
Q

Probably heat receptor but are associated with kinesthetic sensations

A

Ruffini corpuscle

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36
Q

Most numerous, found in the skin ,
mucous, serous memb, muscles,
joints and visceral connective tissue.
;touch receptor

A

Free and diffuse nerve endings

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37
Q

It is consists of the heart and blood vessels that pump, transport and
distribute blood to the cells and tissues

A

Cardiovascular system

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38
Q

~ Tunica mucosa

A

Tunica intima

39
Q

Typical sqamous cell lining the lumen; consistent feature of blood vessels and heart

A

Endothelium

40
Q

It consists of fibroelastic
tissue and fibroblast and smooth muscle fibers

A

Subendothelial coat

41
Q

Condensation of elastic fibers separating the tunica intima and
tunica media

A

Internal elastic membrane

42
Q

Mixture of smooth muscle tissue,
collagen, elastic fibers and fibroblasts

A

Tunica media

43
Q

Arranged in circular pattern around the lumen intimately associated with the collagen and elastic fibers

A

Smooth muscle of tunics

44
Q

Have nervi and vasa vasorum
(nerve and blood supply of the vessels) occur within this tunic

A

Large vessel of tunics

45
Q

It may be present between the Tunica media and Tunica adventitia

A

External elastic membrane of tunics

46
Q

It is composed of dense fibroelastic connective tissue

A

Tunica adventitia

47
Q

Inseparable from the hemodynamic role they perform

A

Histology of the vessel

48
Q

It carries low volume of blood under high pressure and velocity

A

Arterial system

49
Q

It has large volume of blood under diminished pressure and velocity

A

Capillary system

50
Q

It carries high blood volume at low pressures and velocities

A

Venous system

51
Q

Exchange component of CVS
wherein metabolites gain access to and waste products leave the c.t. space

Lined by endothelium surrounded by basal lamina ; single RBC can be accommodated in its lumen

A

Capillaries

52
Q

The most common and least permeable; abundant in skin and muscle, , lungs and nervous system

A

Continuous capillary

53
Q

It has has holes or fenestration; present in glomerulus, intestinal villi

A

Fenestrated capillary

54
Q

The least common and most permeable; incomplete basement membrane; present in liver, spleen, bone marrow

A

Sinusoid capillary

55
Q

Larger than sinusoids, basal
lamina is discontinuous and the lining cells are not phagocytic

A

Venous sinuses

56
Q

Macrophages,fibroblasts,
mesenchymal cells, mast cells, pericytes(smooth muscle cell intimately asso with endothelium)

A

Pericapillary cells

57
Q

Capillaries with a single layer of smooth muscle fiber controlling blood flow through the metarterioles into the capillary bed proper

A

Precapillary spinchter

58
Q

Branch of arteriole with discontinuous layer of smooth muscle fibers surrounding it;

It serves as sphincter controlling blood flowing through the central or thoroughfare channel to join the venous system

A

Metarteriole

59
Q

Continuation of capillary with
gradual transition

A

Aterioles

60
Q

actually similar structure with small artery; mistaken as small artery

A

Large arteriole

61
Q

It has 2-3 layers of smooth muscle cells

A

Small arteriole

62
Q

It has 1 layer of smooth muscle, lumen is abt the size of an RBC

A

Terminal arteriole

63
Q

Very similar with terminal arteriole except the smooth muscle in its t.
media is replaced by a pericyte; difficult to differentiate from the terminal arteriole in tissue section

A

Metaarteriole

64
Q

No sharp line of demarcation between arterioles and small arteries

A

Arteries

65
Q

It is also called muscular or distributing arteries

A

Small and medium sized arteries

66
Q

The largest
arteries- compared to their luminal volume, wall is thin

A

Elastic arteries

67
Q

Equivalent to tunica media, consists of cardiac muscles, c.t. fibers, nerve and blood vessels

A

Myocardium

68
Q

A serous membrane called visceral pericardium in gross anatomy

A

Epicardium

69
Q

mesothelium rest upon a thin layer of loose c.t.

A

Subepicardial coat

70
Q

Appear round in cross section;
have undulating internal elastic
membrane

A

Artery

71
Q

Tiny endothelial tubes; mostly compressed or
collapsed

A

Capillary

72
Q

Larger in diameter; irregular or
collapsed lumen; thinner walls; lack
internal elastic membrane; have
valves

A

Vein

73
Q

Endothelium: a simple squamous epithelium; small amount of connective tissue; and internal elastic membrane

A

Tunica interna

74
Q

Circularly arranged smooth muscle cells; some elastic and collagenous fibers

A

Tunica Media

75
Q

A layer of connective tissue that blends with the surrounding structure

A

Tunica externa

76
Q

Tiny endothelial
tubes; mostly compressed or collapsed

A

Capillary

77
Q

(also known as Rouget cells, or mural cells) are multi-functional cells that wrap around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules throughout the body.

A

Pericytes

78
Q

Appear round in cross section; have undulating internal elastic
membrane

A

Artery

79
Q

Endothelium; 2 -3 layers of
smooth muscle; loose CT

A

Arteriole

80
Q

Endothelium; 8-9 layers
of smooth muscle; loose CT

A

Small artery

81
Q

Larger in diameter; irregular or collapsed lumen; thinner walls;
lacks internal elastic membrane; have valves

A

Vein

82
Q

Smallest vein; almost
the same with arteriole but lacks
tunica media and internal elastic
membrane

A

Venule

83
Q

Same with venule but
may have slightly larger lumen and more visible smooth muscle layer

A

Small vein

84
Q

It has less smooth muscle; few elastic tissue; has thicker tunica adventitia

A

Medium vein

85
Q

It has thicker tunica adventitia with smooth muscle

A

Large vein

86
Q

■ Folds in the intima seen in medium and larger veins

■ Prevent backflow of blood
■ Also present in the lymphatic
vessels

A

Valve

87
Q

Located within muscle tissue. They have a corresponding artery nearby.

A

Deep veins

88
Q

Are closer to the skin’s surface. They don’t have corresponding arteries.

A

Superficial veins

89
Q

Transport blood that’s been filled with oxygen by the lungs to the heart. Each lung has two sets of pulmonary veins, a right and left one.

A

Pulmonary veins

90
Q

Located throughout the body from the legs up to the neck, including the arms and trunk. They transport deoxygenated
blood back to the heart.

A

Systemic veins

91
Q

Surrounding the two semilunar valve

A

Fibrous rings

92
Q

Mass of fibrous tissue between AV canals

A

Fibrous triangle

93
Q

Ossified fibrous rings of the aortic semilunar valve

A

Os cordis

94
Q

•Four fibrous rings surrounding
the two semilunar valve
(pulmonary artery and aorta) and
right and left AV valves

•Fibrous triangle – mass of
fibrous tissue between AV canals

•Fibrous tissue of membranous
IV septum.

❖Os cordis ossified fibrous rings
of the aortic semilunar valve

A

Cardiac skeleton

microscopic anatomy (mrs. lucia rigos) (5 decks)

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