CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Question 1

Connective tissue 2 divisions:

Answer 1

CT Proper and Specialized

Question 2

Connective tissues specialized:

Answer 2

Adipose, muscle, bones

Question 3

Types of Connective tissues:

Answer 3

Extracellular Matrix, Protein, Fibers, Collagen, Water

Question 4

less number of cells; Facilitates nutrient and gas (02 and co2) transfer.

Answer 4

Extracellular Matrix

Question 5

substances that help our body. Mediator of metabolism

Answer 5

protein

Question 6

Amorphous, homogenous, transparent, and hydrated gel (h2o)

Answer 6

Ground substance

Question 7

main constituent. Core protein glycosaminoglycans enter

Answer 7

Proteoglycans

Question 8

they bind to proteoglycans

Answer 8

Glycosaminoglycans

Question 9

(backbone) – proteoglycans kumakapit sa hyaluronic acid specifically sa Link Protein

Answer 9

Hyaluronic acid

Question 10

(links proteoglycan na may kasamang proteoglycans sa hyaluronic acid. Special glycosaminoglycan

Answer 10

Link Protein

Question 11

Types of Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 11

Hyaluronic acid, link protein, keratan, sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate

Question 12

Multiadhesive Glycoproteins

Answer 12

Fibrillin, fibronectin, laminin, thrombospondin, etc.

Question 13

mediates cellular migration, cell adhesion, tissue regeneration

Answer 13

Fibronectin

Question 14

integrins type IV collagen and proteoglycans. It is a binding site for these certain substances/proteins.

Answer 14

Laminin

Question 15

The force that keeps the water outside the blood vessels or tissues

Answer 15

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

The force that keeps the water outside the blood vessels or tissues

Answer 15

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 16

The force that keeps the water inside the blood vessels.

Answer 16

Osmotic pressure

Question 17

build-up of interstitial fluid in connective tissues

Answer 17

Edema

Question 18

Hereditary diseases involving specific enzymes that degrades GAGs.

They lack enzymes. No. of GAGs will be increased resulting to magiiba yung appearance ng patients kasi yung tissues ay abnormal if sosobra yung GAGs

Answer 18

Hunter, Hurler, Sanfilippo

Question 19

Consists mainly of fibroblasts.
These fibroblasts produces different substances such as proteoglycans.
* Spindle-like in shape

Answer 19

Embryonic mesenchyme

Question 20

produce and maintain most of the tissue’s extracellular components

Answer 20

Fibroblasts

Question 21

mainly for defense

Answer 21

Leukocytes

Question 22

mediates some inflammatory responses. Works together with basophils.

Answer 22

Mast Cells

Question 22

mediates some inflammatory responses. Works together with basophils.

Answer 22

Mast Cells

Question 23

Mainly fats, for cushioning and structural component of adipose tissues

Answer 23

Adipocytes

Question 24

mature quiescent (inactive/sleeping) fibroblasts

Answer 24

Fibrocyte

Question 25

* Main phagocytic. * For bacterial infection * Predominant sa circulation

Answer 25

Neutrophil

Question 26

* Its nucleus is typically closer to the size of the RBCs. * One big oval shape. * Its main function is for cellular defense and production of antibodies. * Walang granules * Almost the same to macrophages * Increased lymphocyte: o intracellular infections/viral infections

Answer 26

Lymphocyte

Question 26

* Its nucleus is typically closer to the size of the RBCs. * One big oval shape. * Its main function is for cellular defense and production of antibodies. * Walang granules * Almost the same to macrophages * Increased lymphocyte: o intracellular infections/viral infections

Answer 26

Lymphocyte

Question 27

orchestrator or mastermind of immune responses. They will produce different substances.

Answer 27

T helper:

Question 28

produces toxic substances to kill intracellular pathogens. Bind to the cell to kill it. Mainly this is defense for intracellular pathogens.

Answer 28

T cytotoxic

Question 29

It can mature into plasma cells Plasma cells will produce different antibodies to the surface. Then these antibodies will detach and will try to find yung nagca-cause ng disease.

Answer 29

B cells

Question 30

* Kidney bean-shaped, irregular cytoplasm * Clean up crew. * Macrophage cleans bacteria, debris, and affected cells. → for elimination o Sa circulation, onti lang _____ then sa tissues ay macrophages.

Answer 30

Monocyte

Question 31

Bi-lobe nucleus. * Increased during parasitic infection

Answer 31

Eosinophil

Question 32

* Typically 0-1 lang sa differential cell count. * Pag tumaas, may sakit na. * Release heparin and histamine. * The rarest.

Answer 32

Basophil

Question 33

natural anti-coagulant of the body

Answer 33

Heparin

Question 34

Liquid form sa body

Answer 34

Anti-coagulant

Question 35

mediation of immune response

Answer 35

Histamine

Question 36

Types of Fibers

Answer 36

* Collagen * Reticular * Elastic

Question 37

Collagen fibers made up of type I collagen

Answer 37

Fibrillar collagen

Question 38

o Laminae o The one connecting basal lamina and epithelium

Answer 38

Network or sheet-forming collagens

Question 39

Anchors tissues to basement membrane

Answer 39

Linking/anchoring collagens

Question 40

pre-cursor of collagen

Answer 40

Procollagen alpha chains

Question 41

o Local swelling caused by abnormally large amounts of collagen that form in scars of the skin o Due to certain hereditary defect, sumosobra yung collagen during tissue repair. o Mostly black people/African people yung nagkakaroon ng keloids

Answer 41

Keloids

Question 42

Found in delicate connective tissue of many organs * Argyrophillic – needs silver stain (to be able to see) * PAS-positive (Periodic Acid Schiff) * Delicate reticular networks serve as the supportive stroma for the parenchymal secretory cells and rich microvasculature o Example: liver and endocrine glands * Mainly made up of type lll collagen (found in delicate connective tissues)

Answer 42

Reticular fibers

Question 43

Structure or supportive part of the matrix. They hold the structure or the tissue together

Answer 43

Stroma

Question 44

Constituents of the matrix

Answer 44

Stroma,Parenchyma

Question 45

The functional part. Usually consists of different cells with certain functions (laman)

Answer 45

Parenchyma

Question 46

* Have rubberlike properties that allow tissue containing these fibers to be stretched or distended and return to their original shape * Not strongly acidophilic * Can be seen in the lungs, capsules, pericardium, urothelium (composed of transitional epithelial tissues)

Answer 46

Elastic fibers

Question 47

a disease characterized by a lack of resistance in tissues rich in elastic fibers

Answer 47

Marfan Syndrome

Question 48

Types of connective tissues

Answer 48

Loose connective,Dense regular,Dense irregular,Reticular,Mucoid

Question 49

Forms a layer beneath the epithelial lining of many organs and filling the spaces between fibers of muscle and nerve * Typically contains cells, fibers, and ground substance in roughly equal parts * Flexible and not very resistant to stress Additional: * Mas maluwag, mas stretchy as compared to dense connective tissue * Decreased collagen, increased yung fibrolasts kasi siya yung mas malapit sa balat. * Fibrolasts produces substances for tissue repair.

Answer 49

Loose connective tissue

Question 50

* Similar components as loose connective tissue but with fewer cells * Type I collagen predominant * Dense irregular – randomly interwoven collagen granules w/ no definite orientation * Skin * Dense regular – aligned in parallel for great resistance to prolonged or repeated stresses from the same direction * Tendons and ligaments Additional: * Fewer cells, increased collagen * Mas strong structurally as compared to loose.

Answer 50

Dense Connective tissues

Question 51

* Abundance of type III collagen fibers * Delicate network that supports various types of cells * Provides a framework with specialized microenvironments for cells in hemopoietic tissue and some lymphoid organs * Lymphoid organs example: bones/bone marrow

Answer 51

Reticular tissue

Question 52

– modified fibroblasts na makikita sa reticular tissue

Answer 52

Reticular cells

Question 53

* Principal component of the fetal umbilical cord * With abundant ground substance composed chiefly of hyaluronan * Sparse collagen fibers and scattered fibroblasts Additional: * Fetal umbilical cord (whartons jelly) * Hyaluronan: protein * Developing pa kasi connected sa fetus * Maraming fibroblasts

Answer 53

Mucoid connective tissue