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FRST 211 > CONS 330 Module 2 > Flashcards

CONS 330 Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name types of indicator species

A

flagship, umbrella keystone, dispersal-limited

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2
Q

flaghsip

A

symbol for campaigns
large and charasmatic
conserve larger area and therofre prtect smaller ones too
may not acraully be good speices, not based in science

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3
Q

umbrella

A

ecological grounding with physical delineation of habitat
habitat required is same as many others
good in extensive ecosystems
can do small too (whiteabrk pine)

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4
Q

Keystone

A

more recent focus
disproportionate effect on ecysystem functioning compared o abundance/biomass
top predators
hard to find evidence for unclear definition

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5
Q

dispersal-limited

A

movemeent cpability if speices
patchy habitat
conserved to point where species are protected with mobile links
high moratalitiy rate because try to move

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6
Q

diff btw flag and umbrella

A

flag is not based in science more media based

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7
Q

example of keystone

A

otters

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8
Q

ecosystem engineers

A

type of keystone

making new habitats and niches as live (more diversity), beavers as ex

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9
Q

management challanges with dispersal-limited

A

remote areas, humans used areas, endinism so cant move speices somewhere else

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10
Q

ecological indicator

A

measure or index of measures that characterize something about ecosystem (doesnt have to be species)

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11
Q

examples of what could be ecological indicator

A

structure: geneteic, population, habitat, lnadscape
compsition: genes, species, pops, comms, landscapes
Function: genetics, lifehistory, ecosys, landscape disturbance processes

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12
Q

why are those all good ecological indicators

A

all measureable, evidence

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13
Q

2 reasons conservation managers pick speices

A
  1. presence and fluctuations are beleifed to reflect other species in community
  2. believed to reflect chem/phys changes in enviorn (stress or disturance)
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14
Q

6 features of indicator species

A
  1. rapid response to stressor
  2. high signal to noise ratio
  3. historic data
  4. specificity to response to stressor
  5. ease and economic monitoring
  6. relevant to ecosystem endpoints
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15
Q
  1. rapid response to stressor
A

biological and demo of speices show delayed response (dont want)
or maturity of offspring issnt fast hard pattern to see
extinction debt

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16
Q

extinciton debt

A

speices fine after disturbance but then all of sudden crash
dont signal problem until crash
apes and chimps have large one rn

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17
Q
  1. high singal to noise ratio
A

high signal, no noise
if has lots of variation hard to know if from noise or not (hard trend)
can increase or decrease

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18
Q
  1. historic data base
A

helps iwth sginal and noise
want large time
bigger scales for trends

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19
Q
  1. specificity of response to stressor
A

limiting factor is good
impacton pop size and linked to growth
stressor if not limiting, then only indirect and hard to find results

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20
Q

how to test if stressor is limting

A

controlled environ

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21
Q

FINISH 5 AND 6??

A

WHAT

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22
Q

critique of choosing single species as indicaotr

A

hard for one species to refelct entire community

influences at other levels are vague, bias resutls

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23
Q

critique of aquatic indicaotrs

A

studies found have weak predictive value

not consistant with biod hotspots

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24
Q

NEED TO KNOW

A

indicators need to refeltc soemthing about ecosystem
identify key criteria to be evaluated to select
limitations of them

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25
reasons for endangerment
``` habitat loss habitat change rare to begin with (high suseptibility) at the range limits stochastic fluctuations (landsilides ect) competition with invasive species ```
26
competition with invasive species
change ecosystem function and outcompete native species | changin funciton then its a problem
27
can native species be invasive
yes, bard owl, outcompetting spotted owl
28
how to declare endangerment
four R's 1. examine growth rate 2. examin current and hist. records adn range and habitat use 3. diagnose threat risks 4. consider ecological relationships with other species
29
1/ rate
population viability ananlysis (PVA) looks at pop grwth rate considering: size, allee effect, pop variability, history used for: mangement targest, modelling
30
why consider small pops
vulnerable tp demographic effects
31
waht is allee effects
``` low density pops have slower intrinsic rates tahn higher density behavioural effect (stress means smaller size)and lose hetergeniety ```
32
2. RANGE
two geographic factos ( extent of habitat and occupancy of habitat) historical records see where disapearnce is (center or extremities) four loss criteria (short term, total hist, ongoing, ver small)
33
extent habitat vs occupancy
potential vs actual
34
RISK
examin and quantify threats identify, increasing with time, present on entire range? severity FINSIH
35
4. relationships
speices may bcom endangered bc other species has critical interaction with them has become endangered
36
what addresses political and geographical risks
BC conservation framwork | lots f work and money on idea they are rare geographicallly (rare in cda)
37
lag of reports
decasde in cda | 10 years before IUCN declartion
38
what works to protect endangered speices
CITES | convention on international trade of endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora
39
CITES | challanges
voluntary UN programme enforcing hard, not enough effort info on how to determine endangered not avail in every country
40
WAPPRIITA
federal cdn laws environement and CC cda enforces cdn border servies agency food one as well
41
Contreversy adn Chagne
UICN guidelines suggest re-consider trophy-hunting restrictions local benefit, local incentice,
42
Federal level species acts
2004: species at risk act SARA pr3event loss and be record of endang and threatened commitee on staturs in cda is COSEWIC
43
Provincial level for at risk
WA (wildlife act) enforcement of SARA for some species minstry of CC and environ
44
what falls under fed
Fisheries and Oceans | parks
45
what falls under provincial
CDC (conservation data center) | federally funded
46
main commitee in cda
COSEWIC
47
COSEWICE
has fed and prov academic scientists
48
COSEWIC process
candidate species draft status report designate level (minister of environ has final say) recovery strat commissioned
49
how candidate species suggested
anyone can usually prov bioloigists reviewed by taxonimics sub-committee
50
how draft status pickedq
bid on by contractors, govt, bios
51
who makes recoverey strat
provincial | biologists usually
52
endangered species process
which govt agency take leads depends on 1. organism 2. location
53
two examplts of not prov lead
fish for FoC | location of park like Banff
54
how is recovery strategy drafted
govt or contractors coplex need local info too passed to recovery team (back and forth with recommends) Goal: delineate threats, resotration
55
what comes after drafe
if species is serious enough concern get action plan
56
action plan
VERY specific
57
management plan
very specific, but used when mangement not only abatement of activites
58
how long dev or start recovery stategey
within 18 months
59
most promblematic part of SARA
timeline and deadlines not met
60
timeline of sara
candidate to status report : 2-3 yrs status report to recovery strat: 2 yrs Recovery to plan: 2 yrrs TOTAL 5-6 YRS
61
angencies
look at notes drawing
62
should we have prv species at risk act??
most land is prov durisdiction and cant do antyhign on it ottowa is so far how do they know specific biomes out here that need specific actiona nd attention
63
bias inlisting in cda
fish, IUCn has big list we dont | fungi: IUCN has bunch we have ZERO
64
Critiques of species at risk in cda
``` limited scope of enforcement lead agency has bias need increased search effort need reassessment failure to act/protect has socioeconomic influence exclusionof indiegenout rights ```
65
limited scope
only to federal and crown land (1% BC) | things that protect BC land are acts and parks, WA but all made for economic reasons not species at risk
66
Lead Agency
FOC: strong bias to not list species because upset fishing community and industry gets to decide what is included in doc, 56 of 221 have critical habitat (need this for action) FOC ommits crit hab
67
need more search efforst
need money past surveys dont include right habitats (lookingiin wrong plave) if search goes up then review leads to reduced risk status
68
reassessment
supposed to be yearly for endagnered
69
failure to protect
orcas always in media showing how bad we are
70
Socieoeconomic factors
allowed in process not in states (shldnt be), IUCN doesnt allow either still see them as resources
71
Indigenous Rights
no harvest if endagnered not even if wont harm traditional hunting is also selling not just substance Heilstuk example
72
ESA
usa species at risk laws and policies
73
esa vs sara
no economic | more dealines met
74
things cda part of
``` Migratory bird treaty (with states) polar bear range states actionplan UNEP FAO IUCN (slower but partake) ```
75
limits found in COSEWIC
economic animals up N for harvesting less likely to be listed deadlines not met ones with less info get less effort
76
what does fully recovered mean
move to 'not at risk' category
77
Taylor checkered spot butterfly
not seen for 4 years (ectrapated) then rediscovered on denman island, neighbour island to other place lived citizen with phone
78
oregon Forest Snails
habitat not include open meadows ppl looking in wrong places need mroe search effort
79
why search efforst so important
``` finds habitat to protect public knowledge increase and reports protection increase rewrite definitons cahgne in status ```
80
what threatens status change action
funding cuts
81
ATK
old term for aboriginal traditional knowledge
82
TEK
current term for traditional ecological knowledge brought into discussion after status decided fix this, especially after UNDRIP
83
how define appropriate consulttion
so hard to define need aj clearer definition RACISM IS EMBEDDED
84
Heiltsuk Bella Bella
demanded herring fishery closed | happened, landmark case and now joint management plan
85
etuaptmumk
withone eye indigenout with one eye wester both together mi'kmaq term
86
Safety net in SARA
provincial fails to meet duty, fed stpes in
87
why make this happen
prov bio want this because not working well, wants mroe money, wants more happening
88
can you trigger safety net without recovery plan?
harder bc usaully tirggered based off not meeting plan requiremtns can trigger emergency status report revision
89
HArper
biologist not allowed to speak even on old published papers | woul dhave others do it for them
90
problem with BC own act
would double the administrative work | already so bogged down
91
prioritization
``` huge thing so hard to know cant do ti all dont have unlimited money what to conserve how much compensation for opp cots waht ar ebest ways ```

FRST 211 (8 decks)

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