Midterm 1 Flashcards

Question

how to describe vegetation

Answer 1

small scale is easier and inthe field | large scale using satellit and radar, lidar

Answer 2

1. Tree stratum : woody >or =5m 2. Shrub stratum: woody <5m 3. Herb stratum: herbs, non woody <5m 4. Ground stratum: non vascular plants

Answer 3

1. trees: single stem, woody, > or =5m 2. liana: woody, supported, > or =5m 3. shrubs: woody, several stems, <5m 4. herbs: vascular w/out woody tissue 5. thallopytes: non vasc 6. epiphytes: living on others

Answer 4

growth is about plant what it is, stratum is about layer in the forest

Answer 5

1. size 2. lifespan 3. leaves 4. morphology 5. stem

Answer 6

based on veg only, broad classes, natural and cultural are seperate, hierarchical, upside down triangle

Answer 7

broad so driven by physiogonomy (form) | temp + moist, lat and continentality, altitutde adn seasonal

Answer 8

smaller, fine scale species so driven by floristics (which species) local climate, aspect (NS), disturbacne recently

Answer 9

upper (formation class, form subclass, form) middle (division, macrogroup, group, aliance lower (association)

Answer 10

flora and fauna | physiogomy of dominate ^^

Answer 11

tundra, desert, grassland, savannah, forest

Answer 12

``` tropical moist Forest tropical dry forest boreal forest mediterranian scrub wet temperate dry temperate ```

Answer 13

cold: vertical warm: horizontal

Answer 14

N: N to S S: S to N

Answer 15

deflects R in N | Left in S

Answer 16

Easterly (e-w): Tropics | Westerly (w-e) NA

Answer 17

by Group then type | A (tropical), B (dry), C (Mesothermal), D (Microthermal), E (Polar)

Answer 18

when sun is perpendicular to that point on the earths surface equator, tropics (capricon and cancer)

Answer 19

P=E + (change in S) +R | Precip, Evapotranspiration, Change (Recharge (+G) and ulixation (-G)), Surplus Runoff

Answer 20

Water recharge fills available pore space insoil capillary water storage capacity

Answer 21

ulization Evapotranstion (E) rate water vapor returns to atm from ground or plant cover

Answer 22

potential evapo ideal rate that would occur if complete cover and unlimited water theoretical, measures water needed, represents energay available

Answer 23

Acutal evapo rate that actually occurs given biological limits measures water use, represents water avail

Answer 24

Water Deficit PE>AE Deficit=PE-AE

Answer 25

Ont: energy bc long winter has decid a drought protection divergent branches take light from above

Answer 26

water bc in summer evergreen, chem and physc adapts to drought divergent branchs at bottom get light from sides

Answer 27

Large, genreal units by abiotic and biotic factors interactings hierarchical (ecozone, ecoprov, ecoregion)

Answer 28

climate | geo and soils

Answer 29

Temp: large range of lat N to S gradient in general location and continentality (coast vs inland)

Answer 30

Precip: pacific maritime air masses and prevailing westerlies masses from artic and gulf of mexico collide to make polar front

Answer 31

``` Canadaian sheild Mnt ranges nonforested tundra boreal, taiga, hudson plains atlantic maritime and mixed wood plaisn priaires, boreal and tiage plains pacific maritime, montane, boreal, taige Cordillera ```

Answer 32

hard to break down rock, not lot of soil, shallow bedrock, less develelpped

Answer 33

impact climate and geo and soils altitude changes, arctic, rockies and coastal

Answer 34

``` boreal domianted cdn sheid south: deeper south north: less soil, exposed rock wetlands and bogs bc impermeable rocks ```

Answer 35

``` southeast part of cdn sheild densly pop conif and dec but mor decid great lakes and acadian frst more conif ```

Answer 36

``` rain shadow from rockies (dry) grasslands and boreal too glacial influence grassland-parkland too s to n gradient s highly human altered ```

Answer 37

``` chain of mnts southt to north W: temp grad from S to N Precip grad from W to E diverse vegetaionon mnts valley withe fertile soil so agriculture ```

Answer 38

national forestry inventory

Answer 39

1981: questionnaires computer based (CanFI) 1990's call for better early 2000: NFI began

Answer 40

ongoing monitering of exact points in cda 12 frst ecozones remote sensor and on ground

Answer 41

``` gridding netowrk of photo plots 2km^2 1% landmass 40km^2 apart in south landcover, frst type, bioamss, araea, tree age adn colume ```

Answer 42

ground plots wit ppl collecting 8% of landmass detailed, represents ecozones tree log volume and biomass, age and landuse, volume area

Answer 43

2000-2008 2008-2017 2018-2027

Answer 44

history, knowledge, planning, management, harvesting moniteroing, catch disease, carbon stuff

Answer 45

spatially continuous group of trees and associated vg having similar structure and growing in sim soils and conds

Answer 46

physcial distribution of trees and other platns in stand (horxz and vet)

Answer 47

``` group of trees dev after singel disturbance same age class usaully ```

Answer 48

dev after one disturbance (even)

Answer 49

developed and arising from 2+ distrubances (major and minor, uneven)

Answer 50

1. stand initiation 2. stem exclusion 3. understory initiation 4. oldgrowth

Answer 51

after sever event (clean slate( colonizing and establisment accum of biomass, vertg rowth, brishy stage, invasion until space is taken

Answer 52

density dependant moratlity, resource limties, intense comp, vertical strat dense canopy, small corwns, cohort canopy

Answer 53

canopy differentitaion mortalitity not density dep, light for herbs, second cohrot larger crown, new understory cohrot

Answer 54

``` gap dynamic (release and recruit), senescence death, fine scale distubacnes, pathogens multiple cohorts, largs snags, living trees, CWD ```

Answer 55

assumes onlynone disturbance assumes first one is super sever emphasis on early stages (ignores old growth)

Answer 56

``` considers: severity of disturbance deadwood and legacies spatial variation complex and variation in late stage ```

Answer 57

1. dist and biological legacies 2. cohort establish 3. canpy closure 4. biomass accum and comp exclusion 5. maturation 6. vert divers 7. horz divers 8 loss of pioneer cohort

Answer 58

may open gap but not all stand gone biolegacies influence type of sverity of disturbance influende

Answer 59

depends on: seed stock new arrivals suckering species and frst resiliance

Answer 60

trees dominate other veg. | reach resource limits

Answer 61

growth bigger density depend mort comp adn suppresion single cohort, homo

Answer 62

``` density independ mort understory estab pioneer dominance CWD accum understory emergence ```

Answer 63

crown dieback more shade tolerant species contin canopy levels

Answer 64

``` all canopy layers species divers resource avail envrion conds complex sizes speicesi ect ```

Answer 65

senescence of pioneer group

Answer 66

stage where stay @ peak (traditional)

Answer 67

fine scale changes. tree estab and recruit

Answer 68

Plants because so many species easier to tell when in diff areas (easy to measure too) tell about soils

Answer 69

BEC does direct soil test, WIs uses indicator plants to tell | climate different

Answer 70

soil nut regime | soil moisture regime

Answer 71

small range and high frequency in those ranges | "narrow ecological amplitude"

Answer 72

wide ecological amplitude

Answer 73

not as many species many places can have same trees as they have wide ranges depending on history and disturbance succession timeline diff trees at diff times

Answer 74

``` distrubtion landforms and soils vegetation management implication disturbance and succesion info Diff frst types that may exist there ```

Answer 75

climate fairly stable | small gradients in p and t from N to S

Answer 76

due to glaciation have larger variation in soils