CONS module 4

Question 1

what are some probs with hab loss

Answer 1

political agreement of what is loss
harder to detect in low degraded areas
controversial to count commercialluy managed land as loss
habitat recovery not accounted for in loss calcs

Question 2

what helps decrease errors in hab loss

Answer 2

new tech and comparison btw data sets

remote sensing

Question 3

fragmentation

Answer 3

frag: means transformation of lare cont habitat into smaller peices (coincides with hab loss, larger driver when little hab remaining)

Question 4

ecoloical effects of hab frag

Answer 4

increases: pop isolation, generalist species, edge tolerant species, non-native species, invasive species, nest pred, extinction
decrease: dispersal-limited, specialist, rare, interior, distrubance-averse

Question 5

disporportionate impact

Answer 5

loss of keystone species

Question 6

frag vs loss

Answer 6

frag is division of area

loss is no more existing

Question 7

impacts of frag

Answer 7

species loss: varies depends on how many frags

species richness decline is depend on how much hab is left

Question 8

configuration

Answer 8

imp for frag
shape and distubution, matters at inermediat levels,
not random: roads, ppl

Question 9

patch size and shape

Answer 9

decrease patch size
increase edge effect
increase isolation

Question 10

patch

Answer 10

larger habitat have greater diversity of microclimates, habs, refugia, larger pop of prey and food
species area curve

Question 11

shape and complexity

Answer 11

smaller more fragged, ratio perimiter to area changes are not linear
shape really impacts diversity

Question 12

ciruclar shapes

Answer 12

have more core habitat

edge is harder so this is better

Question 13

edge

Answer 13

transition zone from habitat to degraded areas (distrubed roads), ecotones

Question 14

edge effects

Answer 14

micrclimate, ecology, long term, implications to planning

Question 15

microclimate at edge

Answer 15

air adn soil temps higher
light quality high
humidity lower
perferations changes (how far extend into forest)

Question 16

ecological impacts of edge

Answer 16

invasive species that succeed here can be problem

Question 17

long term effets of edge

Answer 17

intensity of edge altered by: age, number of nearby edged, adjacent habts, cont disturbance

Question 18

implication to planning bc of edge

Answer 18

have to plan for sensitivity, need lots of info

Question 19

what happens as patches get more isolated

Answer 19

get less dispersal
fewer colonization
reduced gene flow
migration disruption
barrier to range expansion

Question 20

two major facotrs of patch

Answer 20

landscape configureation ( shape, placement, distance btw)
quality and type

Question 21

IBT

Answer 21

Island biogeography theory
macarther and wilon in 67
examined isands and diversity on them
larger and smaller and distances btw them

Question 22

in IBT what happens when number of species present increase

Answer 22

succesful colonization decreases
competition is high for space and resources
extinction of established species increases

Question 23

where find estimated number of species

Answer 23

equilibrium point btw colonization and extinction

Question 24

assumptions of IBT

Answer 24

only think about colon and extinc
no evolution
not good long term

Question 25

colonization

Answer 25

moving from one island to another | closer is to source is higher rate

Question 26

extinciton

Answer 26

locally on island | larger have lower rates

Question 27

Closer and larger

Answer 27

higher colon, lower extinct

Question 28

closer and smaller

Answer 28

higher colon, higher extinct

Question 29

further and larger

Answer 29

lower colon, lower extinct

Question 30

further and smaller

Answer 30

lower colon, higher extinct | WORST

Question 31

what is population

Answer 31

1. same species 2. indivs interact with eachother 3. genetic mixing can occur without barriers

Question 32

why small pops less ideal

Answer 32

higher extinct rate stochasticity demographic facotrs genetic factors (inbreeding)

Question 33

metapop

Answer 33

collection of smaller sub pops that are partially independent of eachother populaiton of population across landscape

Question 34

levins model

Answer 34

basic model incoorperates info on patches being either occupied or unoccupied simple

Question 35

source sink model

Answer 35

more info, patch quality, migration btw (from source to sink)

Question 36

landscape model

Answer 36

most complex | extensive knowldeg about landscape, organism move, persistance adn ecology

Question 37

two things small pops impacted by

Answer 37

rescue and allee

Question 38

rescue

Answer 38

concerned with dispersal capabilities of small pops alleviation of inbreeding, prevent local extinction cant be mitigaed by immigration currently in CDA at risk estimates

Question 39

Alllee

Answer 39

Concerned with demographics disconnected pops show this low density pops have lower lambda

Question 40

continous pop vs meta

Answer 40

look for morph difference | genetic fingerprinting to see who is interbreeeding

Question 41

local scale

Answer 41

indivs move and interact with other idivs regulary adn conts

Question 42

metapop scale

Answer 42

indivs move frequently from one pop to another | risk of failure to relocate

Question 43

geographical scale

Answer 43

indivs typically have no possibility of moving to majority of range balsam poplar

Question 44

advantages to cont pop

Answer 44

more gene flow decrease allee effect decrease inbreeding depression

Question 45

5 assumps of levins model

Answer 45

``` number of habitat patches is large patches are equal dist appart patches are identical in quality occupied or not only local colon and extinct matter ```

Question 46

how ratio of occupied patches in levins model inform conservation efforts

Answer 46

critical habitat expansion insure areas prtected need lots of data (longitme) all goes to reserve planning

Question 47

limits to presence absence

Answer 47

temporal variation missed dont get habitat variability hard to incoperate all variables impacting a speceis

Question 48

advantages to presence absence data

Answer 48

simple low cost big picture see interaction (predator prey)

Question 49

beyond patch occupation, what should meta studies measure?

Answer 49

connectivity patch distances quality

Question 50

small pop demographics

Answer 50

slip into vortex, need human intervention behaviours, some are hardwired to colonize or disperse inbreeding depression resuce effect (move indivs from one sub pop to risk one)

Question 51

ethical issues of rescue

Answer 51

move oneinto already existing colonies: are you harming the one your putting it in or the one your taking it our of

Question 52

quality

Answer 52

imp, edge and core source sink model greater hab but too many indivs too not all hab is equal value to all species

Question 53

patch distribution

Answer 53

spaces btw patches physical arrangement matrix of surrounding habs acting as filter to dispersal

Question 54

reintroduction

Answer 54

already was there putting back

Question 55

assisted migration

Answer 55

helping range expansion, moving to new place cuz old is no longer good (CC)

Question 56

introduction

Answer 56

put in new area | wasnt there before