Consolidation of power

Question 1

Consolidation of power (5)

Answer 1

1. The Reichstag fire (4)
2. The 1933 Election and the enabling act
3. The removal of opposition (5)
4. The night of the long knives (3)
5. Hitler becomes Fuhrer (8)

Question 2

1. The Reichstag fire (4)

Answer 2

a. Set up (3)
b. Hitler calls for general election (5)
c. the Reischtag building set on fire (4)
d. Hitler convinces Hindenburg to sign “decree for the Protection of People and State” (2)

Question 3

1. The Reichstag fire (4)
   a. Set up (3)

Answer 3

i. Only 3 Nazis in Cabinet of twelve including him
ii. The Nazis and Nationalists did not have a majority
iii. Hindenburg still hates him

Question 4

1. The Reichstag fire (4)
   b. Hitler calls for general election (5)

Answer 4

i. on 5 march 1933
ii. hoping for majority
iii. Terror and violence. 70 deaths in the weeks leading up to campaign.
iv. Hitler receives large amounts of money from industrialists to help campaign.
v. Access to media so Goebbels able to put Nazi message over unceasingly.

Question 5

1. The Reichstag fire (4)
   c. the Reischtag building set on fire (4)

Answer 5

i. One week before election
ii. 27 February 1933,
iii. Not known who started fire but Nazis arrested Marinus van der Lubbe, a dutch communist
iv. Hitler and Goebbels use this “opportunity” to claim that the communist were going to take over

Question 6

1. The Reichstag fire (4)
   d. Hitler convinces Hindenburg to sign “decree for the Protection of People and State” (2)

Answer 6

i. This suspended basic civil rights and allowed the Nazis to imprison large numbers of their political opponents
ii. The communist and socialist newspapers were banned. (related???)

Question 7

2. The 1933 Election and the enabling act

Answer 7

a. Set up (4)
b. Importance of enabling act and also it’s existence (5)

Question 8

2. The 1933 Election and the enabling act
   a. Set up (4)

Answer 8

i. At the election in march the Nazi party won 288 seats
ii. Still don’t have majority of seats
iii. Coalition with nationalists as to have majority
iv. Does not have the 2/3 needed to be able to change the constitution.

Question 9

2. The 1933 Election and the enabling act
   b. Importance of enabling act and also it’s existence (5)

Answer 9

i. How was it passed? (5)
ii. 23 March 1933
iii. Gives him and his Government full power for the next four years and that Reichstag would become a rubber stamp for Nazi activities.
iv. End of Weimar Constitution and democracy
v. Resulted in: (4)

Question 10

2. The 1933 Election and the enabling act
   b. Importance of enabling act and also it’s existence (5)
   i. How was it passed? (5)

Answer 10

1. Communist members not allowed to vote in the chamber
2. SA intimidated members as they entered the chamber
3. Communist party not counted thus reducing the overall total and number of votes needed by the Nazis
4. Promises to the Catholic Centre party (eg. no interference in catholic schools)
5. Absentees counted as present

Question 11

2. The 1933 Election and the enabling act
   b. Importance of enabling act and also it’s existence (5)
   v. Resulted in: (4)

Answer 11

1. Suspension of civil liberties
2. Imposition of censorship and control of the press
3. The abolition of trade unions
4. Disbanding of all non-Nazi political parties

Question 12

3. The removal of opposition (5)

Answer 12

a. Gen (honestly just a summary of leading up) (3)
b. Trade unions ( and some other facts because nobody understands textbooks) (3)
c. Concentration camps (and a strike fact) (4)
d. Political parties (5)
e. Control of state government (2)

Question 13

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   a. Gen (honestly just a summary of leading up) (3)

Answer 13

i. Policy called Gleichschaltung.
ii. Creates a truly National Socialist state.
iii. Every aspect of social, political, economic life controlled.

Question 14

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   b. Trade unions (3)

Answer 14

i. On 2 May 1933 all trade unions were banned
ii. The Nazis said that a national community had been created so they weren’t needed.
iii. Instead: (4)

Question 15

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   b. Trade unions (3)
   iii. Instead: (4)

Answer 15

1. The Labour Front (DAF) was set up to replace not only trade unions but also employers’ groups.
2. Wages decided by Labour front
3. Workers received work books which recorded employment history
4. Employment depended on ownership of a work book

Question 16

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   c. Concentration camps (and a strike fact) (4)

Answer 16

i. Strikes were outlawed and any dissenters would be sent to the new prisons-
ii. Concentration camps for political re-education
iii. The first one opened in 22 March 1933.
iv. There could be no challenge to the Nazi state.

Question 17

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   d. Political parties (5)

Answer 17

i. Communist party banned (after fire) and property confiscated
ii. On 10 May 1933 the Social Democratic Party had it’s headquarters, property, and newspapers seized.
iii. The remaining political parties voluntarily disbanded at the end of June and beginning of July.
iv. On 14 July 1933 the “Law Against the Formation of Parties” was passed which made the Nazi party the sole political party (what happened to Nationalists???)
v. Election (4)

Question 18

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   d. Political parties (5)
   v. Election (4)

Answer 18

1. The 12 November 1933 general election.
2. A 95.2% of the electorate (all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election) voted.
3. The nazis won 39,638,000 votes
4. There was some protests against the nazis and around 3 million ballot papers were spoilt.

Question 19

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   e. Control of state government (2)

Answer 19

i. Before: (3)
ii. What Hitler did: (3)

Question 20

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   e. Control of state government (2)
   i. Before: (3)

Answer 20

1. There were 18 state governments (singular- Lander) and each have own parliament.
2. At points during the Weimar period some of the Lander caused problems by refusing to accept decisions made in the Reichstag.
3. President Ebert had issued more than 130 emergency decrees to overrule some of the Lander.

Question 21

3. The removal of opposition (5)
   e. Control of state government (2)
   ii. What Hitler did: (3)

Answer 21

1. Lander were to be run by Reich governors.
2. Their parliaments were abolished in January 1934.
3. Thus he centralised the country for the first time since it’s creation.

Question 22

4. The night of the long knives (3)

Answer 22

a. Why (set up)? (and a Gen) (6)
b. The events (5)
c. Impact of the night of the Long knives (4)

Question 23

4. The night of the long knives (3)
   a. Why (set up)? (and a Gen) (6)

Answer 23

i. Gen (2)
ii. Apparently, this was to win the support of the army?
iii. SA (4)
iv. Rohm (4)
v. The SS (Led by Heinrich Himmler) wanted to break away from the SA
vi. Goering (Head of the Gestapo) wanted to lead the armed forces and thus saw an opponent in Rohm.

Question 24

4. The night of the long knives (3)
   a. Why (set up)? (and a Gen) (6)
   i. Gen (2)

Answer 24

1. Also known as “operation hummingbird” or “the blood purge”
2. Was the purging of Hitler’s political and military rivals in the SA

Question 25

4. The night of the long knives (3) a. Why (set up)? (and a Gen) (6) iii. SA (4)

Answer 25

1. He also saw the SA as a serious threat 2. The SA were well known 3. Most of the SA were working Class people who favoured the socialist views of the Nazi programme. 4. They were hoping that Hitler would introduce some reforms to help the workers.

Question 26

4. The night of the long knives (3) a. Why (set up)? (and a Gen) (6) iv. Rohm (4)

Answer 26

1. Rohm wanted to incorporate the army onto the SA 2. He was also disappointed with Hitlers close relations with the industrialists and the army leaders. 3. He wanted more government interference in the running of the country to help the ordinary citizens. 4. He wanted to move away from Germany’s class structure and bring greater equality.

Question 27

4. The night of the long knives (3) b. The events (5)

Answer 27

i. It happened on 30 June 1934. ii. Why? (2) iii. Rohm and main leaders of the SA shot by members of the SS iv. Other important people killed that night (2) v. About 400 people killed in the purge.

Question 28

4. The night of the long knives (3) b. The events (5) ii. Why? (2)

Answer 28

1. The events were following Himmler telling Hitler that Rohm was about to seize power. 2. Hitler had to choose between the SA and the Army

Question 29

4. The night of the long knives (3) b. The events (5) iv. Other important people killed that night (2)

Answer 29

1. Von Schleicher 2. Strasser (he also had socialist views similar to Rohm)

Question 30

4. The night of the long knives (3) c. Impact of the night of the Long knives (4)

Answer 30

i. He had eradicated would be opponents ii. Army (3) iii. The SA now only played a minor role iv. It was now really really clear to people that fear and terror would play significant roles in Hitler’s rule.

Question 31

4. The night of the long knives (3) c. Impact of the night of the Long knives (4) ii. Army (3)

Answer 31

1. Early 1934- there are some in the Nazi party such as Rohm who wished to incorporate it into the SA. 2. Hitler knew that there would be opposition from it’s generals which could mean a challenge to his own position. 3. By removing the SA he could win the support of the army (2)

Question 32

4. The night of the long knives (3) c. Impact of the night of the Long knives (4) ii. Army (3) 3. By removing the SA he could win the support of the army (2)

Answer 32

a. Army felt threatened by them b. Many army leaders did not like the socialist nature of the SA

Question 33

5. Hitler becomes Fuhrer (8)

Answer 33

a. Hindenburg was becoming very frail, and Hitler was starting to have some plans. b. Hindenburg dies on 2 August 1934. c. Hitler decides to combine powers of president and chancellor and is now “Fuhrer” d. He became Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. e. Hitler decides to get approval of the German people for these actions. f. There is a referendum on the 19 August 1934. g. More than 90% of voters agree. h. Only 4.5 million voted against him and 870,000 spoiled their ballot papers.