Nazi rise to power Flashcards

Question

3. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3) a. Gen (7) i. While Hitler is in prison (3)

Answer 1

1. While the party had been banned it secretly survived 2. The replacement leader Alfred Rosenberg, had few leadership qualities 3. The party split into rival groups

Answer 2

i. 14th Feb 1926 ii. Possible rivals such were won over (2) iii. SA and the like (4) iv. He also set up the Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth) – 4th July 1926

Answer 3

1. Strasser was appointed Party propaganda leader 2. Goebbels was made Gauleiter in Berlin

Answer 4

1. Hitler forced Rohm to resign because he was concerned that the SA would continue to be a violent group 2. He could not guarantee that Rohm would follow his orders 3. The new leader was Ernst von Salomon 4. Hitler then created his own bodyguard the SS – 4th April 1925 (why is this before the conference you ask? I don’t know! Why are textbooks like this?)

Answer 5

i. By 1926 Hitler is undisputable leader ii. Message was to send out endless propaganda to win over other voters iii. The 25 point programme accepted as the cornerstone of Nazi Party Policy iv. Point 17 amended- privately owned land would only be confiscated if owned by a jew v. Hitlers leadership and the reorganisation of the party paid dividends vi. Specifically who is the Nazi party trying to get to vote for them? (8) vii. He replaces Strasser as Party Propaganda leader with Goebbels- April 1930 viii. It was the Wall Street Crash in 1929 that created an economic blizzard ix. As unemployment began to rise, so did the fortunes of the nazi party

Answer 6

1. Before 1928 Hitler had tried to win the support of urban voters but now he decided to target the rural voters too. 2. This was at the time that farmers were experiencing economic issues and found Nazism attractive 3. 27000 members in 1925 4. More than 100,000 members by the end of 1928 5. It was a nationwide party that attracted all classes 6. 32 seats in 1924 7. 12 seats in 1928 8. In late 1920s Hitler begins to target peasants as key electoral group

Answer 7

a. Gen (3) b. The impact on the Weimar government (3) c. Specifically the German communist party (5)

Answer 8

i. Before set up (4) ii. What specifically makes it/ how is it bad: (6) iii. Why is this politically relevant (4)

Answer 9

1. By 1929 much of Germany had experienced 5 years of prosperity 2. The US loans had helped remove inflation and there was much investment in industry. 3. Because prosperity depended on the USA the wall street crash really negatively impacted it. 4. Stresemann also died which is bad because many people thought that he was the only person who could steer Germany out through troubled times again.

Answer 10

1. Bankers and financiers in the USA now withdrew the loans made under the Dawes Plan 2. International trade began to contract- German exports fell rapidly 3. Unemployment rose as employers sacked workers and factories closed. 4. German farmers had already been experiencing problems and the continued fall in prices made it worse. 5. As some unable to pay rent the number of homeless also increased. 6. By 1932 there were more than 6 million Germans unemployed. (4/10 workers without jobs)

Answer 11

1. The government financed unemployment relief but as it’s revenue began to shrink, the threat of benefit cuts loomed large. 2. If a party could offer clear and simple solutions it would win votes (the extreme parties including communists) 3. The workers wanted jobs 4. The middleclass feared a communist revolution

Answer 12

i. There was little agreement about how to tackle unemployment and poverty ii. Bruning moves? (7) iii. The general situation (6)

Answer 13

1. In 29 March 1930 Chancellor Muller was replaced by Heinrich Bruning of the Centre Party 2. Bruning did not have a majority so he had to rely on Hindenburg using article 48. 3. From this point on the Reischtag is used less frequently (many historians think end of democracy) 4. Because Bruning no have majority he calls an election on 14 September 1930 to try and get one. 5. In this election Nazis get 107 seats and become second biggest party in Reichstag after social democrats. 6. Bruning still cant rely on Reichstag so has to do so on Hindenburg. 7. In 1930 there were 5 presidential decrees but in 1932 there were 66 presidential decrees.

Answer 14

1. Brunings reduction of government spending only served to lose him the unemployed and led to him being nicknamed “the hunger chancellor”. 2. For the Germans this was the 3rd food shortage in 16 years. 3. In 1931 there was a suspension of the reparation payments. 4. Bruning was unable to find support and so resigned on 30 May 1932 5. During the next 8 months there was political and economic turmoil which made the extreme parties more violent 6. Some of Brunings changes made things a little better but Hitler still ended up as chancellor on 30 January 1933

Answer 15

i. One of the reasons of the popularity of the nazi party was the fear of a communist takeover ii. The german communist party (KPD) slowly recovered after the failure of the sparticist uprising iii. From 1924 they contested in Reischtag elections with some success iv. During Weimar government KPD is largest communist party in Europe v. In 1932 elections KPD got 13.2% of vote and Nazi’s got 30.1%

Answer 16

a. The use of propaganda (3) b. The presidential election 3 March 1932 (5) c. Financial support for the Nazis (4) d. The SA and the communists (7)

Answer 17

i. During the years 1929-1933 the nazis increased their support through the use of propaganda ii. Being used (5) iii. Being said (4)

Answer 18

1. Specific Ways: (3) 2. Goebbels ensured message was simple and frequently repeated 3. By early 1930s they have 120 regular newspapers being frequently read 4. Goebbels was able to promote the image and ideals of the Nazi party in ALL kinds of elections. 5. Nazi message everywhere especially the radio

Answer 19

a. mass rallies, b. posters, c. banners everywhere so they seem more prominent

Answer 20

1. The depression and unemployment hit all classes so when Bruning tried to call his election, the Nazi’s tried to appeal to everyone. 2. Nazi message: the Weimar government has caused the economic crises and coalition governments have no real solutions to offer. (but we can) 3. They played on the resentment of the Treaty of Versailles 4. He uses jews as a scapegoat saying that (5)

Answer 21

a. Somehow both the evils of communism and capitalism b. Helped to cause unemployment c. Had conspired in Germany’s defeat d. Had been involved in the Bolshevik Revolution e. Were preparing a revolution involving all private property and wealth being seized by the state.

Answer 22

i. Hitler used modern technology (4) ii. Mass rallies (2) iii. Hindenburg did not campaign iv. Hindenburg did not win over 50% and so there had to be a second round v. Hitler did still get loads of votes both times but he himself was disappointed in the results.

Answer 23

1. a plane to be able to speak in 5 cities in the same day 2. Films 3. Radio 4. Records

Answer 24

1. Spreads message 2. Makes sure that Hitler is being recognised as a national political figure

Answer 25

i. Nazis could not have done it without financial backing ii. In July 1932, 600,000 copies of economic programme printed and distributed in Reichstag election iii. The nazi party received funds from leading industrialists (3) iv. By 1932 the Nazi’s have close links with the National party (3)

Answer 26

1. Such as Thyssen, Krupp, and Bosch 2. They were terrified of the communist threat and knew that Hitler did too. 3. They were worried of the growing power of trade unions and knew that Hitler can reduce the influence

Answer 27

1. The leader was a newspaper tycoon. 2. Permitted the Nazis to publish articles which attacked Chancellor Bruning. 3. Goebbels was able to continue nationwide campaign against Weimar and to keep the Nazis in people’s minds

Answer 28

i. Hitler reappointed Rohm as leader of the SA in Jan 1931 ii. Within a year membership had gone from 100,000 to 170,000 iii. Communists had own army- “red front fighters” iv. Often fights between the red front fighters and the SA. v. Which included fatalities. vi. Hitler sought to show that he could stamp out communist violence. vii. SA also attacked any overt opponents.

Answer 29

a. Very charismatic b. After Putsch he has to present himself and his party as law abiding and democratic c. He also has to offer something to all groups in German society d. Hitler was (4) e. He creates a philosophy that all could comprehend f. His vision of the future revolved around making Germany the strongest nation in the world.

Answer 30

i. War hero ii. Saviour iii. Ordinary man iv. Someone who has given his entire existence to Germany

Answer 31

a. Bruning is chancellor and he has new government style (5) b. Oligarchy (3) c. The Nazis prove to be a growing force (3) d. The removing of major obstacles (2) e. Papen chancellor and Schleicher is minister of defence (8) f. July 1932 election (8) g. November election (3) h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4) i. Hitler Chancellor (5)

Answer 32

i. 29 march 1930 ii. Appointed by Hindenburg iii. Hence dependant on presidential not parliamentary power iv. Does not have major support in Reichstag v. Opposed to cooperation with growing Nazi Party

Answer 33

i. (a small group of politicians with the power to control government) ii. 1930 onwards iii. Von Papen and Von Schleicher (3)

Answer 34

1. Wish to restore authoritarian government 2. Think that they can use Hitler to do so 3. Undermine any forces (such as KPD) who would oppose the Nazis

Answer 35

i. Hitler wants to hold out for an offer of complete power but compromises??? ii. By 1932 NSDAP is biggest party iii. In 1932 presidential election

Answer 36

i. Concerns about Nazis (5) ii. Bruning (2)

Answer 37

1. Growing street violence and evidence of a planned Nazi coup 2. There’s a chance Hitler might win the presidential election 3. Emergency decree passed by Brunings government 4. April 1932 5. Bans SA and SS

Answer 38

1. Why (3) 2. How (4)

Answer 39

a. Schleicher wants to use Nazis to create a military dictatorship with populist backing b. Schleicher met Hitler on 8 May 1932 c. Hitler agrees to accept a role in new presidential cabinet in return for the removal of Bruning and the lifting of the SA/SS ban.

Answer 40

a. Schleicher begins a whispering campaign to undermine his government b. There is a vote of no confidence in Bruning c. Hindenburg forces Bruning to resign. 29 may 1932 (he actually does it next day though) d. Also dissolves the Reichstag

Answer 41

i. Papen is appointed Chancellor ii. 1 jun 1932 iii. Schleicher is minister of defence iv. This is because Schleicher convinces Hindenburg to appoint Von Papen v. In order to form a non-party gov of “national concentration” vi. Became known as “the Cabinet of Barons” vii. Papen lifted the ban on the SA and new elections were set for the end of July viii. These led to street violence which saw 100 dead and 7000 casualties

Answer 42

i. 31 July 1932 ii. Nazis optimistic about improving numbers of votes since previous election iii. More people voted in this election than in any previous Weimar election iv. Nazis won 230 seats and were now biggest party v. Street violence continued as the SA became increasingly restless vi. Chancellor Von Papen despite not having majority did not give up his post. vii. In August 1932 Hitler rejected an offer by the oligarchy to become Vice-Chancellor demanding to be Chancellor viii. Hindenburg refused because he didn’t like Hitler (2)

Answer 43

1. He knew that jews had fought and died for Germany in the war 2. Hitler got a German citizenship in February 1932 so that he could run for president.

Answer 44

i. Why (3) ii. Election itself (5) iii. Consequences (4)

Answer 45

1. It was not possible to command a majority 2. The communists and the social democrats combined outnumbered the Nazis but could not cooperate 3. Papen loses a vote of no confidence which forces another election (trust me)

Answer 46

1. Election held 6 November 1932 2. Nazis still have most seats 3. The Nazis lost 34 seats 4. The KPD gained 11 seats 5. Hindenburg declares that he will only give Hitler Chancellorship if he has majority seats in Reichstag

Answer 47

1. The Nazi’s current policy of legality has them in a dead end 2. Papen is without the support of the Reichstag 3. In frustration Papen considers: (3) 4. Schleicher fears that this plan would lead to a civil war and so turns against Papen

Answer 48

a. Dissolution of the Reichstag b. Declaration of Marshall law (the temporary substitution of military authority for civilian rule. When martial law is in effect, the military commander of an area or country has unlimited authority to make and enforce laws.) c. Establishment of a presidential dictatorship

Answer 49

i. What’s Schleicher up to? (4) ii. Papen? (6) iii. Having failed in his attempt to bring stability iv. Hindenburg finally agrees to withdraw support of Schleicher on 28 January 1933. (so he’s presumably no longer chancellor)

Answer 50

1. Schleicher informs Hindenburg in the army’s lack of confidence in Papen. In December 1932. 2. Hindenburg dismisses Papen from his position 3. Von Schleicher becomes chancellor on the 3 December 1932 4. Schleicher hopes to split the Nazis and offer the more socialist Strasser (the guy who used to be in charge of party propaganda) the vice-Chancellorship

Answer 51

1. Papen is determined to return to office and apparently he plots his revenge against Schleicher 2. He looks to Hitler for support and forms a Nazi-Nationalist coalition Government. 3. By this point Hitler has changed tactics and is willing to compromise. 4. Papen convinces Hindenburg that he can control Hitler (who could command majority) within a coalition government. 5. A secret meeting between Von Papen and Hitler happens 6. Agreement that Hitler will head the coalition as Chancellor with Papen as Vice-Chancellor

Answer 52

i. 30 Jan 1933 ii. Hindenburg sanctions the Nazi-Nationalist coalition iii. Hitler is appointed Chancellor iv. Papen is vice chancellor v. 2 Nazis join cabinet (Goering and Frick)

Nazi rise to power Flashcards

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