Constraints On Adaptation

Question 0

Salt marshes are an example of ..

Answer 0

An environment that organisms failed to adapt to

Question 1

What 2 things are good for adaptation?

Answer 1

Behavioural and genetic variance (tropical sp don’t always have genetic variance)

Question 2

G-matrix stands for?

Answer 2

Genetic variance-covariance Matrix

Question 3

What can be used to predict how populations behave in future and model simulations of evolution?

Answer 3

G-matrix

Question 4

What constrains adaptations?

Answer 4

G-matrix

Question 5

Some adaptations can be caused by a single base pair mutation..will genetic variance occur?

Answer 5

Possibly

Question 6

Can mutations save a species?

Answer 6

No, some mutations increase genetic variance but decrease fitness

Question 7

Genetic variance + environmental variance =

Answer 7

Phenotypic variance

Question 8

Define pleiotropy

Answer 8

Same gene influences different characters

Question 9

Define linkage disequilibrium

Answer 9

No random association among genes that independently affect each character

Question 10

Genetic correlations:

Answer 10

Linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy

Question 11

Valleys and peaks are associated with what?

Answer 11

Adaptive landscape

Question 12

Selection can push a trait into a valley

Answer 12

False, can only push up the nearest peak

Question 13

Which is slower: pleiotropy or linkage disequilibrium?

Answer 13

Pleiotropy

Question 14

Independent genetic variation in 2+ characters results in selection favouring a combination..what is this?

Answer 14

Correlated selection

Question 15

Define reaction norm

Answer 15

1 gene can create a range of morphs

Question 16

Environmental conditions determine the phenotype response, can selection act on a morph?

Answer 16

Different morphs are favoured in different environments so a morph must persist long enough to allow selection to act or it hides from selection

Question 17

If a feature is strongly correlated with another trait that is being selected for, what happens?

Answer 17

Will evolve in the opposite direction of selection

Question 18

If a trait evolved by directional selection =

Answer 18

Diverged faster than expects neutral rate

Question 19

If a trait diverged slower than expected neutral rate =

Answer 19

Evolved by stabilising selection or other characteristics were affected by the same gene

Question 20

Inhibited gene flow from populations adapted to a different environment is a definition of

Answer 20

Constraints

Question 21

Genotype produces different phenotypes dependent on environmental conditions

Answer 21

Phenotypic plasticity

Question 22

Phenotypic plasticity results in

Answer 22

Increase survival in altered environment