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JH APC > Construction Tech - SOS > Flashcards

Construction Tech - SOS Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

List a number of foundation solutions

A

Pad, strip, piled, raft

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2
Q

Explain Piled Foundations

A
  • A series of columns constructed or inserted into the ground to transmit the load of a structure to a lower level of subsoil
  • Used for poor ground levels
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3
Q

List different types of piles

A

Sheet, Secant, Bored & Precast

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4
Q

What is sheet piles

A

-A deep trench is excavated and concrete is poured in situ
- Form Basement & retaining walls

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5
Q

What is Secant Piles

A

-Interlocking Piles which are bored together
-Foundations & basement walls
-Top Down construction

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6
Q

What is Bored Piles

A

-Excavate soil w Auger
-Concrete poured in
-Used in cohesive soil

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7
Q

What is precast piles

A

-Piles hammered\driven into ground
-High noise
-Lack Flexibility in depth

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8
Q

Different ways piles transfer load?

A

End Bearing, Friction, Settlement Reducing, Tension

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9
Q

End bearing piles?

A

Transfer load to strong rock strata or dense sand

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10
Q

Friction Piles?

A

Friction between pile and soil

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11
Q

Settlement Reducing Piles?

A

-Under raft foundation
- Reduce differential settlement

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12
Q

Tension Piles?

A

Resist uplifting forces from pressure

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13
Q

Problems to QS in regards to piles?

A

-End depth are not certain

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14
Q

Who takes the risk on piling?

A

-Depends on procurement route
-Traditional or D&B - Main contractor

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15
Q

Raft Foundation?

A

-Spread load over a large base
-Low bearing soil
-Light loaded building
-can be solid raft or beam

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16
Q

Strip Foundations?

A

-Shallow excavation to support external wall and internal walls
-Light structure
-Suitable for most soil types

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17
Q

Pad Foundation?

A

-Base for reinforced concrete or steel columns
-Square\rectangle excavation
-Reinforced mesh
-spread load to bearing soil or rock

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18
Q

List all frame solutions

A

Steel, timber & concrete

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19
Q

Advantages of steel frame?

A

-Quick to assemble
-100% Recyclable
-Non Combustible

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20
Q

Disadvantages of steel frame?

A

-Require Fire protection retrospectively
-Price fluctuations
-Require experienced builder

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21
Q

Advantages of timber frame?

A

-Quick to construct
-Good sound insulation
-Green construction

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22
Q

Disadvantages of timber frame?

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A

-Rot & condensation
-Fire risk

23
Q

Advantages of concrete frame?

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A

-Fire Protection inherently provided as part of the structure
-Low maintenance
- Sound and heat insulation compared to steel

24
Q

Disadvantages of concrete frame?

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A

-Slow to construct
-Weather delays
-Heavy structure requiring larger foundations

25
What are building regs?
They provide general guidance on performance of materials expected in order to comply with the functional requirements of the building regulations & provide practical examples
26
Outline the building safety act 2023
27
How has the building safety act affected the industry?
28
What is a raised access floor?
A raised access flooring system is an elevated floor that is laid above a sub floor, often a concrete floor slab, in order to leave an open space or void
28
How does different types of RAF offer reduced carbon?
Through use of recycled materials to form the RAF.
29
What is the external envelope?
The materials and components that form the external shell or enclosure of a building
30
What is a retained façade?
- The facade of the building is retained whilst everything behind the front wall is demolished -Temporary works are needed
31
Describe a typical Cold Flat Roof Construction
-Ceiling joist form horizontal members -Insulation above ceiling level\void - including air gap -Decking secured to joists
32
Describe a typical Warm Flat Roof Construction
-Insulation of top of roof deck underneath waterproof membrane -Vapour control under insulation
33
Describe a typical Inverted Flat Roof Construction
-A roof in which the insulation is placed on top of the waterproof membrane. -No vapour control -insulation anchored down
33
Describe a typical parapet wall – roof abutment detail
-The parapet wall or dwarf wall is built along the perimeter edge of the roof -The wall height extends above roof level -Flashing or water proofing detail along DPC closer placed above the flashing and at the head of the wall
34
Describe a pitched roof detail
-Made of rafter, fixed to external wall -Ridge at apex of roof -Covering fixed to battens -Rafters supported by struts, purlins and roof beam -Eaves board to end of rafters
35
Describe a cladding rainscreen detail
-Screening function rather than enclosing function -Screens fixed wall -Wall behind provided air and water resistance
36
Describe a Cladding Stick System
-Curtain wall frame -Allows integration of other systems i.e sliding doors -70% on site work 30% in factory
37
Describe a Unitised cladding systems
-Unitised systems comprise narrow-width, storey-height units of aluminum framework containing glazed and/or opaque insulated panels. The entire system is pre-assembled under factory-controlled conditions. -Craned into position
38
Describe a Panellised systems
-factory made -improved quality and speed -larger storey and width -connected back to structure -
39
What are the common components you would expect to see within a steel frame construction?
-beams -columns -purlins -rafters -eaves -base plate -cladding rails -bracing -fixings
40
What are the common components you would expect to see within an external wall / foundation detail?
-strip foundation -block foundation wall -reinforcement -damp proof course -air bricks -ground floor slab -backfilling
41
What are the different parts of a steel beam?
-flange - top and vertical part of the beam - web- vertical steel part of I beam -root - flange and web join point
42
What is powder coating?
-factory finish on metals -sprayed and then cured by heat then allowances for holes
43
What other elements will be affected by the type of cladding systems used?
-frame -roof -mep
44
List some Building Regulations Approved Documents?
- Part B - fire - Part L - conservation of fuel and power
45
What are the Building Regulations Approved Documents?
Provide general guidance on performance of materials to comply with functional requirements
46
What is an Asphalt flat roof system?
-Mastic asphalt consists of aggregate and bituminous binder layer cast into block
47
ADV + DIS of Asphalt flat roof system?
Adv -reduce risk of defects due to being poured on site -cools quickly -hard wearing -
48
What is an Single layer membranes flat roof system?
-one layer of felt with a base sheet of glass fibre integrated with bitumen - waterproof w bitumen and dusted with San lad and polythene
49
ADV + DIS of Single layer membranes flat roof system?
Dis -single layers are thin and punctured - rarely used commercially
50
What is an Built up felt flat roof system?
- 3 layers of felt -1 laid at right angle to the fall commencing at eaves -2 Laid parallel to the fall and final layer at right angle -3 covered with stone chippings
51
ADV + DIS of Built up felt flat roof system?
Adv -v common Dis -easily punctured
52
Difference between cold and warm roof?
Warm insulation is above the deck where as cold is below the deck

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