Construction Technology and Environmental Services Flashcards
(32 cards)
What does the term buildability mean?
It is a term used by the engineering and construction teams to describe how easy it is to build the design. The use of PCSA and ECI agreements helps with getting definition and understanding of this.
Can you please name some of the various types of flood defences you are aware of?
Walls, embankments, revetments and flood gates.
What is a cofferdam and how is it constructed?
A temporary dry working area is created within a water body to facilitate construction activities. This is achieved by driving steel sheet piles into the ground and reinforcing them with props and supports to maintain structural integrity. Once secured, the water is pumped out, leaving a dry and safe environment for construction without the risk of flooding.
It is used typically for the creation of flood defences, bridges and dams.
What is a barge platform?
A floating platform use to construct from water. Works from there is constrained based on the tide and should only be considered when working from land is not possible.
What are some of the ground investigation surveys you are aware of?
- Borehole surveys
- Trial Pits
- Soil Sampling
- Sonic drilling
What are the different forms of excavation you are aware of?
- Site Clearance
- Cut and Fill
- Reduced level to formation
- Excavation for foundations
Name some of the factors associated when excavating?
- Water table
- Depth of excavation
- Nature of ground i.e. rock or soil
- Methodology
- Proximity to other sites
What are temporary works?
Activities and/or materials, plant and equipment used for the delivery of the permanent works. i.e. scaffolding, propping, and formwork.
What is scaffolding?
An erected platform that is structurally safe to enable people to work at height.
What is a hoist?
A piece of equipment which enables materials to be transported vertically.
What is shoring?
Providing temporary structural support to existing/ adjoining structures while the works are being carried out.
How could ground conditions be improved?
- Vibro Compaction
- Micropiles
- Vacuum Compaction
- Soil nailing
What is a foundation?
Providing a base for a structure to safely transfer the above loads safely to the ground.
What are some of the factors affecting a foundation?
Ground conditions and load of the structure
What are the main types of foundations?
Shallow and Deep foundations
Name some shallow foundations?
Raft, strip and pad foundations
Name some deep foundations?
Pile foundations
What is a Raft Foundation?
A uniform reinforced slab of uniform thickness is spread across the entire area of the building’s footprint. It should only be used in low bearing capacity soils and individual column loads.
Name some raft foundations?
- Cellular raft
- Solid raft
- Piled raft
What is a pad foundation?
This type of foundation is typically used to transmit loads from columns (either RC or steel) where the area of the pad is slightly larger than the structural column.
What is a strip foundation?
A type of foundation that supports structural walls by excavating a trench and filling it with RC and to transmit the linear loads safely.
What are piling foundations?
The insertion of RC columns into the ground to transmit loads to a lower level. These foundations are used when heavy loads need to be transferred and/ or ground conditions are poor and hard strata needs to be found and used.
What are the main types of piling foundations?
Displacement and Non-Displacement Piles
What are displacement piles?
Piles which are driven in to the ground causing the soil around it to be displaced
