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BCBA Exam > Content Area 2 > Flashcards

Content Area 2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Purpose of science

A

To understand the phenomenon under study

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2
Q

Definition of science

A

A systematic approach to understanding natural phenomena, evidenced by description, prediction, and control.

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3
Q

Science relies on

A

Determination (fundamental assumption), Empiricism (prime directive), Experimentation (basic strategy), Replication (necessary for believability), Parsimony (conservative value), and Philosophic doubt (guiding conscience)

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4
Q

Determination

A

Presumption that the universe is lawful and orderly so all phenomena occur as the result of other events

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5
Q

Empiricism

A

Practice of objective observation of the phenomena of interest

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6
Q

Experimentation

A

Study of a phenomena through systematically controlled and manipulated methods while carefully observing the effects of the event under study

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7
Q

Replication

A

Repetition of experiment and results; allows for determination of reliability

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8
Q

Parsimony

A

Requires all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena under investigation to be ruled out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex/abstract explanations are considered (choose simplest explanation)

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9
Q

Philosophic doubt

A

Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact

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10
Q

In reinforcement and punishment, positive means

A

To add something

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11
Q

In reinforcement and punishment, negative means

A

To take away something

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12
Q

DISC

A

Important things to consider in reinforcement: deprivation, immediacy, size, contingency

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13
Q

Reinforcement

A

Increases probability of a behavior occurring in the future

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14
Q

Punishment

A

Decreases the probability of a behavior occurring in the future

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15
Q

Arbitrariness of behavior

A

Reinforcement strengthens the behavior that precedes it so you can accidentally reinforce arbitrary behavior

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16
Q

What is ABA?

A

Application of systematic environmental modifications to produce socially significant improvements in behavior

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17
Q

ABA focuses on

A

Objectively defined, observable behavior

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18
Q

ABA demonstrates

A

Reliable relationship between procedures employed and the behavior improvement

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19
Q

Methods used in ABA

A

Description, quantification, and analysis

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20
Q

Applied

A

Study socially significant behavior

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21
Q

Behavioral

A

Behavior studied is observable and measurable

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22
Q

Analytic

A

A functional relation is demonstrated between manipulated events and behavior

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23
Q

Technological

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A

Procedures used are identified and precisely described

24
Q

Conceptually systematic

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A

Changes observed are described in terms of relevant basic principles

25
Effective
Behavior must be improved to a practical degree that is of social importance
26
Generality
Changes in behavior last over time and appear in other environments
27
Premark Principle (Grandma's law)
Making access to one behavior contingent on another behavior
28
Response-Deprivation hypothesis
Restrict access to one behavior so that behavior acts as reinforcement for another behavior (e.g. no TV all day, if you finish hw, you can watch TV)
29
Measurement systems
Frequency, rate, duration, latency, interval systems
30
Interval systems
Partial, whole, momentary time sampling
31
Components of an FBA
1. Indirect assessment 2. Direct assessment 3. Functional analysis (optional) 4. Develop hypothesis 5. Intervention planning
32
Functions of behavior
Attention, tangible, escape, automatic
33
Continuous reinforcement (CRF)
Every response is reinforced
34
Fixed interval
Reinforcement after set amount of time
35
Fixed ratio
Reinforcement after set number of responses
36
Variable interval
Reinforcement after average but variable amount of time
37
Variable ratio
Reinforcement after average but variable number of responses
38
Examples of negative punishment
Response-cost; Time out
39
Response-cost
Earring tokens through token system; lose tokens for inappropriate behavior
40
Time-out
Removing a student from all sources of positive reinforcement as a consequence for a specific undesired behavior
41
Prediction
Second level of scientific understanding that occurs when repeated observations reveal that two events consistently covary with one another. Correlation can be used to predict the relative probability that one event will occur based on the presence of another
42
Control
The highest level of scientific understanding; demonstrated in ABA research through functional relations
43
Functional relation
When a well-controlled experiment reveals that a specific change in one event (DV) can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event (IV), and the change was unlikely to be the result of another extraneous factor (confounding variables)
44
Description
Systematic observation that can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other known facts
45
John B Watson
Spokesman for behaviorism. He was interested in environmental stimuli (S) and the responses (R) they evoke. Watsonian behaviorism became known as stimulus-response (S-R) psychology
46
Respondent behavior
Reflexive behavior that occurs whenever the eliciting stimulus is presented (Originated from Pavlov)
47
S-R-S
Three term contingency (originated from Skinner)
48
Operant behavior
Not elicited by preceding stimuli but influenced by stimulus changes that have followed the behavior in the past
49
Experimental analysis of behavior
Name that Skinner gave to the analysis of operant behavior
50
Mentalism
Assumes some "inner" dimension exists in people that determines their behavior, independent of the environment
51
Explanatory fiction
A fictitious variable that often is simply another name for the observed behavior that contributes nothing to an understanding of the behavior
52
Radical behaviorism
Seeks to understand all human behavior including public and private events (aka Skinner's behaviorism)
53
Methodological behaviorism
Acknowledges the existence of mental events, but consider them outside the realm of scientific account.
54
Applied behavior analysis is
The science in which tactics based on the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
55
The basic research branch of ABA is
Experimental analysis of behavior

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