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Reproductive Medicine Exam 2 > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F: The rate of unintended pregnancy is 5-fold lower for women below poverty level, and continues to increase.

A

False

Its 5-fold higher

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2
Q

T/F: The health risks of pregnancy are greater than those of ANY contraceptive method.

A

True

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3
Q

Put these three things in order of contraceptive effectiveness…..

Depo-Provera
Condoms
Mirena (IUD)

A

Mirena (IUD) > Depo-Provera > Condoms

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4
Q

What is the primary purpose of contraception?

A

Preventing Pregnancy

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5
Q

T/F: Contraception failure rates differ between ideal use and actual use

A

True

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6
Q

What are examples of barrier contraceptive methods?

A

Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Condoms (Female, Male)

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7
Q

What is a non-contraceptive benefit to barrier methods?

A

STI Protection

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8
Q

What is a drawback to using a natural membrane male condom?

A

May allow the passage of viruses (ie: HPV)

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9
Q

T/F: A diaphragm for contraceptive use requires a prescription

A

True

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10
Q

What are THREE important things to remember when using a diaphragm for contraception?

A
  1. Spermicide
  2. Place 2 hours before intercourse
  3. Leave in for 6 hours after intercourse
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11
Q

Diaphragm are associated with an increased risk of what?

A

UTI

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12
Q

What are the two main component of combination contraceptives?

A

Estrogen

Progestin

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13
Q

Depo-Provera is ________ (estrogen/progestin) only

A

Progestin

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14
Q

What are THREE actions of combination (estrogen-progestin) contraceptives?

A
  1. Suppress ovulation
  2. Thin the endometrium
  3. Thicken cervical mucus
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15
Q

Does Progestin or Estrogen carry the most risk in combination OCPs?

What are examples of these?

A

Estrogen

Examples….

MI
CVA
HTN
DVT

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16
Q

T/F: OCs are associated with an overall increase in cancer risk

A

False

They are NOT

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17
Q

What are contraindications to OCP use?

A 
Smoker over age 35
Uncontrolled hypertension
History of stroke or ischemic heart disease
History of VTE
Inherited thrombophilia
Lupus (SLE)
Migraine with aura
Breast cancer
Cirrhosis
Liver tumor
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18
Q

What are common side effects of OCPs?

Which is most common?

A 
Breakthrough bleeding- (Most common) 
Amenorrhea 
Bloating
Nausea
Breast tenderness
Weight gain
Headache
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19
Q

Why is breakthrough bleeding the most common side effect of OCPs?

A

Due to the thinning effect it has on the endometrium

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20
Q

What are the MANY non-contraceptive benefits to OCPs?

A

Decreased menstrual bleeding
Decreased dysmenorrhea
Improvement of PMS symptoms (extended cycle)
Prevention of menstrual migraine (extended cycle)
Decreased incidence of ovarian cysts
Decreased benign breast disease
Improvement of acne
Control of hirsutism
Management of uterine leiomyomata (fibroids)
Suppression of endometriosis
Decreased cancer risk: endometrium, ovary, colon

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21
Q

What are four recommended screenings that should be completed before starting OCPs?

A

Pelvic Exam
Pap Smear
STD Check
Measure BP

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22
Q

Why should you take the first OCP on Sunday?

A

To avoid menses on the weekend

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23
Q

T/F: You do not have to r/o pregnancy prior to starting OCPs

A

False

You do need to rule it out

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24
Q

What is the most common reason women stop using OCPs?

A

Unscheduled Bleeding

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25
What types of medications interact with OCPs?
Anticonvulsants | Rifampin
26
T/F: Women over age 35 who smoke should not take combination OCs
True
27
T/F: Healthy women who do not smoke can continue combination OCs through menopause
True
28
How often is the transdermal patch changed?
Weekly
29
T/F: There is NOT an associated increased DVT risk with the transdermal patch
False There is
30
How often is the Nuvaring changed?
Monthly
31
Is there a placebo phase associated with porgestin-only pills?
No
32
What are THREE contraindications to porgestin only pills?
1. Breast CA 2. Diagnosed Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 3. Active liver disease
33
T/F: Progestin-only pills ARE contraindicated in women with a history of CVA, MI, or DVT
False They are not contraindicated in these women
34
What are TWO side effects of progestin only pills?
1. Irregular Bleeding | 2. Amenorrhea
35
How often is the Depo-Provera injection given?
Every 3 Months
36
What are contraindication to Depo-Provera Use?
1. Breast CA 2. Undiagnosed Uterine Bleeding 3. Active Liver Disease
37
T/F: There is some associated of osteoporosis with long term use of Depo-Provera
True
38
What are the TWO most common side effects of Depo-Provera?
Change in bleeding pattern | Weight Gain
39
What does LARCs stand for?
Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives
40
How long is the Nexplanon effective for? Who places this?
Nexplanon is effective for 3 years These need to be placed and removed by trained providers
41
T/F: There is associated risk for MI, Stroke, and DVT with Nexplanon
False There is NO associated risk for those things
42
What side effects are associated with the Nexplanon?
``` Unscheduled Bleeding Headache Weight gain Acne Breast tenderness Mood changes ```
43
What medication composes the Mirena IUD? How long is this effective?
Levonorgestrel (52 mg) These are effective for 5 years
44
How long is the ParaGard effective?
10 years
45
Which is more effective in hormone intolerant women..... ParaGard or MIrena?
ParaGard
46
Which is more effective for decreasing menstrual bleeding..... ParaGard or MIrena?
Mirena
47
What are two contraindications to ParaGard use?
Wilson's Disease | Copper Allergy
48
What is a contraindication to Mirena use?
Active Breast CA
49
What is a concerning adverse reaction to IUD placement?
Uterine Perforation
50
What ADRs are associated with IUDs?
Missing Strings Expulsion Risk Partner Discomfort Buyer's Regret
51
When are patients with IUDs most at risk for pelvic infection?
Within the first 20 days following insertion
52
T/F: The health risks of pregnancy are greater than those of ANY contraceptive method
True
53
T/F: ParaGard is associated with an increase in menstrual bleeding
True
54
What is a permanent sterilization method in males?
Vasectomy
55
Which is more common? Tubal Ligation or Vasectomy
Tubal Ligation is 5x more common than a vasectomy
56
What is the failure rate of vasectomy?
1 in 500
57
What are examples of laparoscopic sterilization techniques in females?
Tubal Cautery/Division Tubal Clips Tubal Bands Tubal Rings
58
Patients with laparoscopic sterilization are at risk for what is pregnancy occurs?
Etopic Pregnancy
59
What are the risks of laparoscopic female sterilization?
Bleeding Infection Damage to internal organs Anesthesia Complications
60
What is the most commonly occurring risk of sterilization?
Regret
61
___% of reproductive aged women used emergency contraception at least once between 2006-2010 What are examples of emergency contraception?
12% ``` Plan B (Levonorgestrel) Ella (Ulipristal) ```
62
Is there harm to an already existing pregnancy if a patient takes Plan B for emergency contraception?
No
63
What needs to be ruled out prior to prescribing Ella for emergency contraception?
Pregnancy
64
What is the most effective postcoital method of emergency contraception?
ParaGard *Inhibits Fertilization, Need to r/o pregnancy first

Reproductive Medicine Exam 2 (7 decks)

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