Ovarian Disorders Flashcards Preview

Reproductive Medicine Exam 2 > Ovarian Disorders > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ovarian Disorders Deck (50)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the most frequent cystic structure in the normal ovary?

A

Follicular (functional) Cyst

2
Q

T/F: The majority of follicular cysts are asymptomatic

A

True

3
Q

How are Follicular cysts diagnosed?

A

US

Pelvic Examination

4
Q

All women are ______ until proven otherwise

A

Pregnant

5
Q

What are defining characteristics of a benign ovarian cyst?

A

Unilateral Adenexa
Mobile
Mild to no pain

6
Q

What US findings are suggestive of a benign ovarian cyst?

A

Unilocular
Simple, Fluid Filled
No Septations

7
Q

When should you preform a follow up US when working up a benign ovarian cyst?

A

6-12 weeks

8
Q

When would you use OCPs to manage benign ovarian cysts?

A

To decrease the risk of recurrence

However, there is no real benefit over observation alone

9
Q

Why may a corpus luteum cyst result in a delayed onset of menses?

A

Corpus Luteum Cysts secrete progesterone which would delay menses

10
Q

When would surgery be indicated for treatment of Corpus Luteum Cyst?

A

If there was evidence of torsion or symptomatic rupture

***With surgery remember that the goal is ovarian tissue preservation

11
Q

T/F: A corpus Luteum Cyst is a non-functional cyst

A

False

It is a functional cyst

12
Q

Theca Lutein Cysts are almost always ________ (unilateral/bilateral)

A

Bilateral

13
Q

What is the most common cause of Theca Lutein Cysts?

A

Prolonged/Excess stimulation of ovaries by endogenous/exogenous Gn

14
Q

What is a unique US finding of Theca Lutein Cysts?

A

Multiple thin-walled cysts blaterally

15
Q

Is torsion common with Theca Lutein Cysts?

A

No, its rare

16
Q

How does a serous cystadenoma differ from a mucinous cystadenoma?

A

Serous: Filled with pale-yellow serous fluid, unilocular

Mucinous: Filled with sticky mucin, multiloculated

17
Q

T/F: Mucinous tumors are the largest of all ovarian tumors

A

True

18
Q

How are cystadenomas diagnosed?

A

US

19
Q

What is the mainstay of cystadenoma management?

A

Surgical Removal

20
Q

If a mucinous tumor is removed from an ovary, what additional surgical procedure needs to be preformed?

A

Appendectomy to r/o coexistent mucinous tumors

21
Q

What is a tubo-ovarian abscess?

A

Infectious process of the upper genital tract that creates an inflammatory mass involving the fallopian tube and ovary

22
Q

Are tubo-ovarian abscesses more likely tobe unilateral or bilateral?

A

Bilateral

23
Q

When would a tubo-ovarian abscess become a surgical emergency?

A

Sepsis

Signs of rupture

24
Q

What are THREE concerning chronic complications of a tubo-ovarian abscess?

A

Infertility
Tubal Occlusion
Ectopic Pregnancy

25
Q

How are tubo-ovarian abscesses managed?

A
  1. IV ABx (Cover Gc/CHl)
  2. Laparoscopy if worsening, not improvening, signs of rupture
  3. Catheter from drainage
26
Q

An ___________ is an ovarian cystic mass arising from the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue within the ovary and is typically filled with a thick brown tar-like fluid.

A

Endometrioma (Chocolate Cyst)

27
Q

How are endometriomas diagnosed?

A

H&P consistent with endometriosis

US

28
Q

How are endometriomas managed?

A

Observation

Surgery (Pain relief, Malignancy, Infertility)

29
Q

A ______ is a benign neoplasm that contains tissue from all 3 germ layers

A

Teratoma

30
Q

What is the most common benign neoplasm in women < 35 y.o.?

A

Teratoma

31
Q

How are teratomas typically diagnosed?

A

Typically incidentally on pelvic exam, RR, or US

32
Q

Why is observation not an appropriate management for teratomas?

A

These will not go away

33
Q

What do you need to avoid during surgical removal of a teratoma?

A

Avoid spilling the contents to reduce risk of peritonitis

34
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation?

A

PCOS

35
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperandrogenism in PCOS?

A

Acne

Hirsutism

36
Q

What are the metabolic symptoms of PCOS?

A

Obesity
Insulin Resistence
Hyperinsulinemia

37
Q

What are the THREE diagnostic criteria of PCOS?

A
  1. Oligoovulation or anovulation
  2. Hyperandrogenemia
  3. Polycystic ovaries diagnosed by ultrasound
38
Q

What is first-line for PCOS management in non-diabetic patients?

A

OCPs

39
Q

What can be given to lower insulin levels in non-diabetic women with PCOS?

A

Metformin

40
Q

What is the classic US finding in PCOS?

A

String of Pearls

41
Q

A ______ ____ is a simple epithelial-lined cyst (rarely complex) or benign fibroid adjacent to the ovary, usually within the broad ligament

A

Paraovarian cyst/fibroid

42
Q

Are paraovarian cysts typically symptomatic?

A

No

43
Q

How are paraovarian cysts diagnosed?

A

US

44
Q

How are paraovarian cysts managed?

A

Typically observation

***Surgery if symptomatic

45
Q

Ovarian _____ is described as rotation of the ovary or the ovary and FT to such a degree as to occlude the vascular supply.

Sx include…..

Acute, severe, unilateral pain
N/V

A

Ovarian Torsion

46
Q

How is an ovarian torsion diagnosed?

A

US with Doppler Studies

47
Q

T/F: Ovarian Torsion is a surgical emergency

A

True!!!!!

48
Q

What are TWO serum tumor markers?

A

CA 125

HE4

49
Q

______ (ovarian/cervical) cancer is the most lethal form of tumor arising from the female reproductive tract

A

Ovarian Cancer

50
Q

90% of ovarian cancers are ______ (Epithelial/Stromal/Germinal)

A

Epithelial