Contraception/Abortion/Periods

Question 1

Who were Betsey, Anarcha, and Lucy?

Answer 1

Three enslaved women subjected to nonconsensual medical experimentation in the 19th century U.S.

Question 2

What is a key nursing intervention regarding pregnancy?

Answer 2

Ask women/people with a cervix aged 18-50 if they would like to become pregnant in the next year.

Question 3

What are the four categories of responses to the pregnancy question?

Answer 3

• Yes
• No
• OK either way
• Unsure

Question 4

What is the effectiveness of the coitus interruptus method?

Answer 4

80% effective with typical use.

Question 5

Define ‘outercourse’.

Answer 5

Engaging in sexual behavior without penile/vaginal intercourse.

Question 6

What is the effectiveness of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)?

Answer 6

98% effective in the first six months after birth.

Question 7

What is Natural Family Planning (NFP)?

Answer 7

A method that relies on avoiding vaginal penetrative intercourse during a woman’s fertile periods.

Question 8

What are calendar-based methods in Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs)?

Answer 8

• Calendar rhythm method
• Standard days method
• Cervical mucus ovulation detection method
• Basal body temperature (BBT) method
• Symptothermal method

Question 9

What is a common issue with spermicides?

Answer 9

Typical failure rate in the first year of use alone is 29%.

Question 10

What is the typical failure rate of male condoms with typical use?

Answer 10

13%.

Question 11

What are the two main groups of hormonal contraceptives?

Answer 11

• Progestin-only contraceptives
• Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs)

Question 12

What are the three mechanisms by which progestin-containing contraceptives prevent pregnancy?

Answer 12

• Thickens cervical mucus
• Thins the uterine lining
• Stops ovulation

Question 13

What are the advantages of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs)?

Answer 13

• Affordable
• Variety of formulations
• Reduces risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer

Question 14

What are some disadvantages of CHCs?

Answer 14

• Slight increase in cervical cancer risk
• Requires consistent use regardless of sexual activity

Question 15

What is the typical effectiveness of the transdermal contraceptive patch?

Answer 15

93% effective with typical use.

Question 16

What is the ACHES mnemonic used for?

Answer 16

Warning signs for patients using CHCs: Abdominal pain, Chest pain, Headaches, Eye problems, Severe leg pain.

Question 17

What is extended cycling in contraceptive methods?

Answer 17

Using CHC to get one period every season or every three months.

Question 18

What is the failure rate of progestin-only pills (POPs) for typical users?

Answer 18

9%.

Question 19

What is the injectable progestin method commonly known as?

Answer 19

Depo or The Shot.

Question 20

What are the two main types of IUDs?

Answer 20

• Nonhormonal (Paragard Copper IUD)
• Hormonal (e.g., Mirena, Liletta)

Question 21

What is emergency contraception?

Answer 21

Methods to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or birth control failure.

Question 22

What are the two types of oral emergency contraception available in the U.S.?

Answer 22

• Levonorgestrel tablets
• Ulipristal acetate (ella)

Question 23

True or False: Ulipristal acetate is available without a prescription.

Answer 23

False.

Question 24

What should be done to maximize the effectiveness of emergency contraception?

Answer 24

Take it as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse.

Question 25

What is the time frame within which emergency contraception should be taken after unprotected intercourse?

Answer 25

Within 5 days (120 hours) ## Footnote Sooner is better.

Question 26

What are the types of emergency contraception available in the U.S.?

Answer 26

* Levonorgestrel tablets * Ulipristal acetate (ella) * Paragard IUD (copper IUD/nonhormonal) * Mirena/Liletta IUD (hormonal) ## Footnote Ulipristal is available by prescription only and is more effective than levonorgestrel.

Question 27

What is tubal ligation?

Answer 27

A surgical procedure intended to make a person infertile by tying the oviducts (Fallopian tubes) ## Footnote Methods include cauterizing, tying and cutting, or banding.

Question 28

What is male sterilization called?

Answer 28

Vasectomy ## Footnote It involves surgical interruption of the vas deferens.

Question 29

What is the difference between elective abortion and therapeutic abortion?

Answer 29

* Elective abortion: intentional interruption of pregnancy by choice * Therapeutic abortion: done for medical reasons ## Footnote Sometimes it is unclear if an abortion is elective or medical.

Question 30

What landmark decision was overturned in 2022 regarding abortion?

Answer 30

Roe v. Wade was overturned by Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization ## Footnote This decision affected the legislation surrounding abortion rights.

Question 31

How has the incidence of abortions in the U.S. changed from 1991 to 2021?

Answer 31

The number of abortions was 40% lower in 2020 and 36% lower in 2021 compared to 1991 ## Footnote Data from the Guttmacher Institute and CDC.

Question 32

What are the most common complications of induced abortion?

Answer 32

* Infection * Retained products of conception * Excessive vaginal bleeding ## Footnote Induced abortion performed in the first trimester is safer than in the second trimester.

Question 33

What is one key question to ask clients regarding pregnancy intentions?

Answer 33

Would you like to become pregnant in the next year? ## Footnote This is part of the 'One Key Question' method.

Question 34

What are some methods of contraception that can be considered permanent?

Answer 34

* Tubal ligation * Vasectomy ## Footnote These methods are intended to make a person infertile.

Question 35

What is important for clients to know about contraceptive methods?

Answer 35

A variety of contraceptive methods are available with various effectiveness rates, advantages, and disadvantages ## Footnote Client education is crucial for understanding these methods.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The hormones in contraceptives are safe if the healthcare provider takes your ______ into account.

Answer 36

[personal health history]

Question 37

True or False: Carrying a pregnancy is generally more dangerous than having an abortion.

Answer 37

True ## Footnote This is important to know for counseling.

Question 38

What should be considered when discussing contraceptive methods with clients?

Answer 38

* Effectiveness * Frequency of use * STI protection ## Footnote The condom is a good backup to other methods.

Question 39

What are LARCs and their effectiveness?

Answer 39

Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) are the most effective contraceptive methods available ## Footnote They include IUDs and implants.

Question 40

What combination of medications is considered the gold standard for medical abortion?

Answer 40

Mifepristone and misoprostol ## Footnote This method takes up to a few days for the abortion to occur.