Contrast Media Flashcards
(21 cards)
Positive Contrast agents known as
Radiopaue contrast media (RCM) such as iodine and barium
Iodinated RCM are water soluble compounds that may be administered
into the bloodstream intravenously
directly into a targeted vein or artery for localized enhancement
Directly into the intrathecal space during CT myelography
Into the joint space during CT arthrography
Orally to opacity the GI tract
Osmolality
iodinated radiopaque contrast agent. Describes the agents propensity to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel (extravascular space) to move into the bloodstream (intravascular Space)
Ionic Contrast Media
are salts consisting of sodium and/or meglumine. each molecule of ionic contrast agent consists of three iodine atoms.
When injected into the bloodstream, each molecule dissociates into the two charged particles or ions
-HOCM
High-osmolar contrast media (HOCM)
iothalamate meglumine (congray)
Diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque)
Nonionic contrast Media
nonsalt chemical compounds that also contain three atoms of iodine per molecule.
-They do not dissociate in solution
-LOCM
Low-osmolar contrast Media (LOCM)
iohexol (omnipaque)
iopamidol (isovue),
ioversol (optiray)
Nonionic low-osmolar contrast
are less likely to produce adverse side effects and or reaction that ionic high - osmolar RCM
Iso-Osmolar Contrast Medicam (IOCM)
have the same osmolality as blood and therefore may offer improved patient comfort and a reduced potential for untoward side effects
Enteral RCM
administered orally and/or rectally to opacify the GI tract (transit time 30-90 minutes)
-Generally water-soluble iodinated solution or a suspension of barium sulfate(excellent attenuation) .
High-Osmolar contrast agents
-Diatrizoate meglumine
-diatrizoate sodium
Traditionally used as oral/rectal CT contrast media
Low-Osmolar contrast media
iohexol used for oral/rectal contrast media
Effervescent Granules
used to treat gas and acid indigestion may be also administer as a negative oral contrast agents. When Swallowed these granules add negative contrast in the form of gas to the stomach and proximal small bowel. allowing for better visualization of these structures.
Neutural Contrast Agents
administered to opacify the small bowel during procedures such as CT enteroclysis and Ct enterography
-Very Low-density (0.1%) barium sulfate solutions such as VoLumen may be administered for detail of the small bowel
CT examination of Abdomen/ pelvis Exam protocol
-450ml of oral contrast agent 60-90min before scan
-300 ml of oral contrast agent 30min before scan
150ml of oral contrast agent immediately before scan
CT contrast agent Enema
150-300 ML of CT contrast to adequately opacify the rectum, sigmoid, and distal large bowel.
Intrathecal administation
Iodinated contrast agent is the injection of the agent directly into the space surrounding the spinal cord
Mild reactions to ICM Include
Allergy Like: Mild urticaria (hives)
Mild Cutaneous edema (swelling)
Nasal Stuffiness/sneezing
Scratchy/itchy throat
Physiologic: Nausea/Vomiting
warmth/flushing
sweats/chills
anxiety
altered tast
mild hypertension
Transient vasovagal reaction
Moderate Reactions Iodinated contrast
Allergic-like: moderate-to sever nausea and vomiting
diffuse erythema, facial edema, tightening throat, hoarse voice, wheezing
Physiologic: Moderate to sever nausea and vomiting, vasovagal response requiring treatment, tachycardia, chest pain
Sever Reaction to contrast agents
Allergic-Like: facial, laryngeal, and/or pulmonary edema, anaphylactic shock, severe erythema, profound hypotension, severe wheezing bronchospasm.
Physiologic: Cardiac arrhythmia, seizure, severe hypotension, cardiopulmonary arrest, death.
