Contrast studies - summary Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the indication for a positive contrast cystogram?
• Bladder rupture
• Bladder location
A positive contrast cystogram is used to evaluate bladder issues.
What contrast agent is used in a positive contrast cystogram?
Iohexol
Iohexol is a commonly used contrast agent for various imaging studies.
How is the contrast agent instilled in a positive contrast cystogram?
Urinary catheter (foley) with the balloon just inside the bladder
This method ensures accurate delivery of the contrast agent.
What are the indications for a positive contrast urethrogram?
• Filling defect causing an obstruction
• Urethra rupture
This study helps in diagnosing obstructions or ruptures in the urethra.
What contrast agent is used in a positive contrast urethrogram?
Iohexol
Similar to cystograms, Iohexol is preferred for urethrograms.
How is the contrast agent instilled in a positive contrast urethrogram?
Urinary catheter (foley) with the balloon just inside the penis (male) or vulva (female)
This ensures proper placement for imaging.
What is the primary indication for an excretory urogram?
• Evaluation of ureters - rupture and ectopic
Excretory urograms are crucial for assessing the urinary tract.
What contrast agent is used in an excretory urogram?
Iohexol
Iohexol is administered via IV for this procedure.
What has replaced the excretory urogram for kidney evaluation?
US (Ultrasound)
Ultrasound is now preferred for kidney assessments due to its non-invasive nature.
What is the main purpose of an upper GIT barium study?
• Function - the transit time of the barium emptying the stomach and reaching the end of the small intestine
• Filling defect - foreign body
This study assesses gastrointestinal transit and identifies obstructions.
What contrast agent is primarily used in an upper GIT barium study?
Barium
Barium is specifically used for gastrointestinal imaging.
How is the contrast agent instilled in an upper GIT barium study?
Stomach tube or diluted via a nasogastric tube
Direct administration ensures adequate delivery of the contrast agent.
Why is Iohexol less preferred for upper GIT studies?
It is expensive and less opaque, resulting in lower study quality
Cost and imaging quality are significant factors in choosing contrast agents.
What is the indication for a pneumogastrogram?
• Filling defect - gastric FB
Pneumogastrograms are used to identify foreign bodies in the stomach.
What contrast agent is used in a pneumogastrogram?
Air
Air is used to enhance imaging of the gastric area.
How is the contrast agent instilled in a pneumogastrogram?
Stomach tube or nasogastric tube
This method allows for effective delivery of air into the stomach.
What is the purpose of a pneumocolonogram?
• Location of the colon (vs small intestine)
Pneumocolonograms help differentiate between the colon and small intestine.
What contrast agent is used in a pneumocolonogram?
Air
Air is utilized to visualize the colon effectively.
How is the contrast agent instilled in a pneumocolonogram?
Via tube in the rectum
This method ensures that air is delivered directly to the colon.
What is the indication for an oesophagram?
• Function - quickly transiting ingesta to the stomach
• Filling defect - oesophageal foreign body
Oesophagrams assess esophageal function and detect obstructions.
What contrast agent is typically used in an oesophagram?
Barium
Barium is preferred for visualizing the esophagus.
How is the contrast agent instilled in an oesophagram?
By syringe into the mouth
This method allows for quick administration of barium.
Why is Iohexol infrequently used in oesophagrams?
It is less opaque and the quality of the study is worse
Imaging quality is crucial in diagnostic procedures, leading to preference for barium.
