overall abdo ddx Flashcards
(33 cards)
Abdominal fluid DDX? - my father says thank you
Mass, fluid, skinny, technique, young
Abdominal fluid can include blood, urine (transudate/exudate), and bile.
What are the indications for an excretory urogram?
Ectopic ureter, ureter rupture post trauma
An excretory urogram is used to visualize the urinary tract.
What causes gas in the peritoneal space?
Iatrogenic (surgery), from outside (bite), from inside (GI rupture)
Visualization of both sides of the diaphragm may be required.
types of renal mineralisation?
Calculi in renal pelvis, mineralisation of parenchyma
It can indicate degenerative changes.
What is the clinical significance of calculi in the renal pelvis?
No clinical significance unless relocates and blocks
Calculi can cause obstruction if they move.
What condition is characterized by both kidneys being small and is common in cats?
Chronic renal insufficiency
This condition is uncommon in dogs.
What is pyelonephritis?
Typically kidneys look normal - culture urine
It is an infection of the kidney.
renal dysplasia
Congenital malformation of kidneys, bilateral, young
It resembles end-stage kidney disease.
GDV
Gas distended stomach with obstruction/twisting - Smurf hat (Rt lat)
GD refers to gas distended stomach.
causes of vomiting
- Pancreatitis
- Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)
- GIT disease
GIT disease can be functional or mechanical.
types of GIT disease
- Functional: gastroenteritis, nonspecific gastroenteritis, dietary indiscretion, food intolerance, infection (parvo), IBD
- Mechanical: Gastric FB, Pyloric outflow obstruction, GDV, small intestine obstruction (usually FB), linear FB, intussusception
Each category has different underlying causes.
polycystic kidney disease
Less common in cats, if young cat and one cyst - polycystic disease
This condition involves the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys.
Renal lymphoma in cats
Common, bilateral renomegaly, diffuse US changes, anatomy normal, thin black rim around kidney
Differential diagnosis includes feline infectious peritonitis.
What does lymphoma in dogs cause?
Causes nodules and masses in kidney
It can lead to significant kidney dysfunction.
microhepatica DDX
Cirrhosis, portosystemic shunt
Microhepatica refers to a smaller than normal liver.
What are predisposing conditions for hepatic abscess?
- Diabetes mellitus
- Biliary disease
- Pancreatitis
- Neoplasia (25% benign)
- Long term corticosteroids
- Raw diet
Hepatic abscesses can lead to free abdominal fluid.
Thick gall bladder wall ddx
- Hypoalbuminaemia/hypoprotinaemia
- Cholecystitis
- Portal hypertension (RT side heart failure)
- Anaphylaxis
Thickening of the gall bladder wall may require further investigation.
Gall bladder Mucocole
Semi solid material replaces bile, only dogs, only seen on US
Often asymptomatic; can present with icterus, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain.
What is the significance of gall bladder sludge?
No significance in dogs, but can indicate cholecystitis or cholangiohepatitis in cats
It can be a precursor to more serious conditions.
What causes diffuse splenomegaly?
- Normal
- Anaesthesia/sedation
- IMHA
- Neoplasia (lymphoma)
- Torsion (rare)
A thorough assessment is needed to determine the cause.
How is pancreatitis diagnosed?
US diagnosis, diagnosis of left limb with radiography
Pancreatitis can present with various clinical signs.
What are causes of peritonitis?
- Cholesteatitis
- Hepatitis
- Gastric ulceration
Each cause can lead to significant abdominal distress.
What does a fluid-dilated stomach indicate?
Functional ileus (gastritis), high obstruction (Pyloric outflow or proximal SIT (duodenum))
It may require surgical intervention.
What are the characteristics of a cranial mass in the abdomen?
Almost always liver
Other abdominal masses can be located in different areas.
