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Microbiology > Controlling Microbial Growth- PP Test 2 > Flashcards

Controlling Microbial Growth- PP Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores, usually used on inanimate objects

A

disinfection

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2
Q

the complete removal or destruction of all viable microorganisms, used on inanimate objects

A

sterilization

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3
Q

chemicals applied to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

A

antisepsis

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4
Q

chemicals used internally to kill or inhibit growth of microorganism swithout host tissues

A

chemotherapy

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5
Q

What are the different types of microbial control methods?

A

physical agents, chemical agents, biological agents, and mechanical removal methods

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6
Q

What are the different types of physical agents?

A

Heat and radiation

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7
Q

What are the different types of heat physical agents?

A

dry and moist

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8
Q

What type of control method does dry heat have?

A

incineration and dry oven which are both sterilization methods

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9
Q

What type of control method does moist heat have?

A

steam under pressure which is sterilization and boiling water, hot water, and pasteurization which all are disinfection

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10
Q

What are different types of radiation physical agents?

A

ionizing and xray, cathode, and gamma which are sterilization and nonionizing and uv which are disinfection

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11
Q

What are the different types of chemical agents?

A

gases and liquids

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12
Q

What are the different types of gas chemical agents?

A

gas can be sterilization and or disinfection

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13
Q

What are the different types of liquid chemical agents?

A

animate which is chemotherapy and antisepsis and inanimate which are disinfection and sterilization

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14
Q

What are the different types of mechanical removal methods?

A

filtration which consist of air and liquids which both are sterilization

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15
Q

What are the different types of biological agents?

A

predator and virus which are antisepsis and toxin which is sterilization

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16
Q

sufficient heat treatment to kill endospores of clostridium botulinum in canned food

A

commercial sterilization

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17
Q

removal of microbes from a limited area, such as skin around an injection site

A

degerming

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18
Q

treatment is intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to safe public health levels

A

sanitization

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19
Q

inhibits growth and when you remove it the microbes can start growing again (freezer) can usually work very well you can kill cells using this technique but the technique itself does not kill

A

bacteriostatic

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20
Q

kill the microbes so viable cell count decreases when you introduce the chemical but the total cell count does not decrease because the cells are still there

A

bactericidal

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21
Q

lose the microbe decrease in cell count and viable cell count because nothing is growing and the cells are broken, very lethal

A

bacteriolytic

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22
Q

What is the most widely used method of sterilization?

A

Temperature

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23
Q

amount of time required at given temperature to reduce viability, exponential relationship, heat kills faster as temperature rises, and moist heat penetrates better than dry heat

A

decimal reduction time (D)

24
Q

time to kill all cells at a given temperature, affected by population size

A

thermal death time

25
Q

What can survive heat that would rapidly kill vegetative cells?

A

endospores

26
Q

Statistically you can feel safe that you have destroyed the microbes but they never get to…

A

zero

27
Q

The higher the temp the what?

A

the more lethal and the less time it takes

28
Q

increasing temperature and pressure to sterilize different things inside a chamber, you can kill things all the way up to endospores, advantages are that you can sterilize anything you put in there, plastic and metals cannot withstand the temperature, you alter the time not the temp, the more things in there the longer it takes

A

autoclave and moist heat sterilization

29
Q

for food based products, heating liquids to a certain temperature to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, the lower the ph the harder for microbes to grow

A

pasteurization

30
Q

What can cause DNA to bind to each other instead of there complimentary which during DNA replication mutations can more easily occur

A

UV light

31
Q

sterilizes but does not go very deep into tissues

A

nonionized radiation

32
Q

can cause damage to DNA and has the ability to go deep into tissues, can be used on anything that is heat sensitive

A

ionized radiation

33
Q

filtration used on heat sensitive liquids and gases, pores of filter are too small for living organisms to pass through but do not trap most viruses

A

Microbiological filters

34
Q

fibrous sheet made of overlapping paper or glass fibers that traps particles

A

depth filters

35
Q

most common for liquid sterilization, high strength polymers with many tiny pores, and syringe or pump forces liquid into sterile vessel

A

membrane filters

36
Q

disrupt the membrane and denature proteins

A

phenol and phenolics

37
Q

very good detergents, really good with destroying membranes, not as effective as alcohol

A

quaternary ammonium compounds

38
Q

really good oxidizers, all have some sort of antimicrobial effect, mot persistent toxins

A

halogens

39
Q

most destroy membranes

A

alcohol

40
Q

toxic to everything, they will oxidize proteins and materials in the cell, effect different kinds of proteins, most are microbial static, when removed microbes can grow again, different of these will inhibit microbial growth but the risk factors are awful

A

heavy metals

41
Q

they will often inhibit the growth and are usually more clean because they are more easily cleaned

A

manufactured surfaces

42
Q

What on cicada wings pull bacterial membranes apart

A

antibacterial nanopillars

43
Q

What inspired antibacterial surfaces for corneal transplant

A

insect wings

44
Q

oxidize proteins, can be converted into a gas and can be used as a delicate chemical sterilant

A

hydrogen peroxide

45
Q

highly reactive molecules, sporicidal and can be used as chemical sterilant, combine with and inactivate nucleic acids and proteins

A

aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide

46
Q

used to sterilize heat-sensitive materials, can be used as sterilants and are oxidizing agents

A

sterilizing gases

47
Q

newer, use hydrogen peroxide gas, can be used to sterilize electronic equipment, a lot of times its used when putting electrical equipment in somebodies body

A

plasma sterilizers

48
Q

emerging as transplant tissue sterilization option

A

supercritical carbon dioxide

49
Q

What are the conditions influencing the effectiveness of antimicrobial agent activity

A

population size, population composition, concentration/intensity of an agent, contact time, temperature, local environment

50
Q

keep in context how many microbes you are tryin gto eliminate

A

population size

51
Q

different types and there susceptibility

A

population composition

52
Q

similar to size

A

concentration

53
Q

the longer you have something exposed the more microbial inhibition and microbial death

A

contact time

54
Q

the higher temperature the faster decimal reduction rate

A

temperature

55
Q

how much organic material present, what is the ph, what is the pressure, and what is the humidity

A

local environment

Microbiology (6 decks)

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