Controlling Microbial Growth- PP Test 2

Question 1

the destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores, usually used on inanimate objects

Answer 1

disinfection

Question 2

the complete removal or destruction of all viable microorganisms, used on inanimate objects

Answer 2

sterilization

Question 3

chemicals applied to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

Answer 3

antisepsis

Question 4

chemicals used internally to kill or inhibit growth of microorganism swithout host tissues

Answer 4

chemotherapy

Question 5

What are the different types of microbial control methods?

Answer 5

physical agents, chemical agents, biological agents, and mechanical removal methods

Question 6

What are the different types of physical agents?

Answer 6

Heat and radiation

Question 7

What are the different types of heat physical agents?

Answer 7

dry and moist

Question 8

What type of control method does dry heat have?

Answer 8

incineration and dry oven which are both sterilization methods

Question 9

What type of control method does moist heat have?

Answer 9

steam under pressure which is sterilization and boiling water, hot water, and pasteurization which all are disinfection

Question 10

What are different types of radiation physical agents?

Answer 10

ionizing and xray, cathode, and gamma which are sterilization and nonionizing and uv which are disinfection

Question 11

What are the different types of chemical agents?

Answer 11

gases and liquids

Question 12

What are the different types of gas chemical agents?

Answer 12

gas can be sterilization and or disinfection

Question 13

What are the different types of liquid chemical agents?

Answer 13

animate which is chemotherapy and antisepsis and inanimate which are disinfection and sterilization

Question 14

What are the different types of mechanical removal methods?

Answer 14

filtration which consist of air and liquids which both are sterilization

Question 15

What are the different types of biological agents?

Answer 15

predator and virus which are antisepsis and toxin which is sterilization

Question 16

sufficient heat treatment to kill endospores of clostridium botulinum in canned food

Answer 16

commercial sterilization

Question 17

removal of microbes from a limited area, such as skin around an injection site

Answer 17

degerming

Question 18

treatment is intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to safe public health levels

Answer 18

sanitization

Question 19

inhibits growth and when you remove it the microbes can start growing again (freezer) can usually work very well you can kill cells using this technique but the technique itself does not kill

Answer 19

bacteriostatic

Question 20

kill the microbes so viable cell count decreases when you introduce the chemical but the total cell count does not decrease because the cells are still there

Answer 20

bactericidal

Question 21

lose the microbe decrease in cell count and viable cell count because nothing is growing and the cells are broken, very lethal

Answer 21

bacteriolytic

Question 22

What is the most widely used method of sterilization?

Answer 22

Temperature

Question 23

amount of time required at given temperature to reduce viability, exponential relationship, heat kills faster as temperature rises, and moist heat penetrates better than dry heat

Answer 23

decimal reduction time (D)

Question 24

time to kill all cells at a given temperature, affected by population size

Answer 24

thermal death time

Question 25

What can survive heat that would rapidly kill vegetative cells?

Answer 25

endospores

Question 26

Statistically you can feel safe that you have destroyed the microbes but they never get to...

Answer 26

zero

Question 27

The higher the temp the what?

Answer 27

the more lethal and the less time it takes

Question 28

increasing temperature and pressure to sterilize different things inside a chamber, you can kill things all the way up to endospores, advantages are that you can sterilize anything you put in there, plastic and metals cannot withstand the temperature, you alter the time not the temp, the more things in there the longer it takes

Answer 28

autoclave and moist heat sterilization

Question 29

for food based products, heating liquids to a certain temperature to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, the lower the ph the harder for microbes to grow

Answer 29

pasteurization

Question 30

What can cause DNA to bind to each other instead of there complimentary which during DNA replication mutations can more easily occur

Answer 30

UV light

Question 31

sterilizes but does not go very deep into tissues

Answer 31

nonionized radiation

Question 32

can cause damage to DNA and has the ability to go deep into tissues, can be used on anything that is heat sensitive

Answer 32

ionized radiation

Question 33

filtration used on heat sensitive liquids and gases, pores of filter are too small for living organisms to pass through but do not trap most viruses

Answer 33

Microbiological filters

Question 34

fibrous sheet made of overlapping paper or glass fibers that traps particles

Answer 34

depth filters

Question 35

most common for liquid sterilization, high strength polymers with many tiny pores, and syringe or pump forces liquid into sterile vessel

Answer 35

membrane filters

Question 36

disrupt the membrane and denature proteins

Answer 36

phenol and phenolics

Question 37

very good detergents, really good with destroying membranes, not as effective as alcohol

Answer 37

quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 38

really good oxidizers, all have some sort of antimicrobial effect, mot persistent toxins

Answer 38

halogens

Question 39

most destroy membranes

Answer 39

alcohol

Question 40

toxic to everything, they will oxidize proteins and materials in the cell, effect different kinds of proteins, most are microbial static, when removed microbes can grow again, different of these will inhibit microbial growth but the risk factors are awful

Answer 40

heavy metals

Question 41

they will often inhibit the growth and are usually more clean because they are more easily cleaned

Answer 41

manufactured surfaces

Question 42

What on cicada wings pull bacterial membranes apart

Answer 42

antibacterial nanopillars

Question 43

What inspired antibacterial surfaces for corneal transplant

Answer 43

insect wings

Question 44

oxidize proteins, can be converted into a gas and can be used as a delicate chemical sterilant

Answer 44

hydrogen peroxide

Question 45

highly reactive molecules, sporicidal and can be used as chemical sterilant, combine with and inactivate nucleic acids and proteins

Answer 45

aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide

Question 46

used to sterilize heat-sensitive materials, can be used as sterilants and are oxidizing agents

Answer 46

sterilizing gases

Question 47

newer, use hydrogen peroxide gas, can be used to sterilize electronic equipment, a lot of times its used when putting electrical equipment in somebodies body

Answer 47

plasma sterilizers

Question 48

emerging as transplant tissue sterilization option

Answer 48

supercritical carbon dioxide

Question 49

What are the conditions influencing the effectiveness of antimicrobial agent activity

Answer 49

population size, population composition, concentration/intensity of an agent, contact time, temperature, local environment

Question 50

keep in context how many microbes you are tryin gto eliminate

Answer 50

population size

Question 51

different types and there susceptibility

Answer 51

population composition

Question 52

similar to size

Answer 52

concentration

Question 53

the longer you have something exposed the more microbial inhibition and microbial death

Answer 53

contact time

Question 54

the higher temperature the faster decimal reduction rate

Answer 54

temperature

Question 55

how much organic material present, what is the ph, what is the pressure, and what is the humidity

Answer 55

local environment