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microbiology > Microbial Growth and Nutrition- PT 1 Test 1 > Flashcards

Microbial Growth and Nutrition- PT 1 Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

supply of elements required by cells for growth

A

nutrients

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2
Q

nutrients required in large amounts

A

macronutrients

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3
Q

nutrients required in small amounts trace metals and growth factors

A

micronutrients

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4
Q

What six elements does every organism need?

A

water, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur

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5
Q

What are the major macro molecules in the cell?

A

carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

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6
Q

-must contain all the nutrients required by the organism for growth
-classification of physical nature, chemical constituents from which they are made, function

A

culture media

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7
Q

exact chemical composition known

A

defined media

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8
Q

composed of digests of microbial animal or plant products

A

complex media

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9
Q

contains compounds that selectively inhibit growth of some microbes but not others

A

selective medium

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10
Q

contains an indicator, usually a dye, that detects specific metabolic reactions during growth

A

differential medium

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11
Q

What are the solidifying agents commonly used?

A

-gelatin, starch, agar

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12
Q

-complex polysaccharide isolated from red algae
-solid at room temp liquefies at boiling cools and solidifies at 42 degrees Celsius
-provides framework
-not digestible for most microbes

A

agar

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13
Q

-microscopic cell count- observing and enumerating cells present
-dried on slides or on liquid samples
-counting chamber with squares etched on a slide used for liquid samples
-you do not know if they are alive or dead
-hard to have accurate precision
-not consistent
-can have broken cells

A

total cell count

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14
Q

What are the different growth phases?

A

-lag- introducing bacteria
-exponential- binary fission
-stationary- balance of chilling and reproducing
-decline- some level where there may not be enough nutrients

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15
Q

What are the steps of binary fission?

A

-cell elongates and DNA is replicated
-cell wall and plasma membrane begin to constrict
-cross-wall forms completely separating the two DNA copies
-cells separate

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16
Q

What is the symbol for generation time?

A

g

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17
Q

What is the symbol for time?

A

t

18
Q

What is the symbol for cell number at time?

A

Nt

19
Q

What is the symbol for starting cell number?

A

N0

20
Q

What is the symbol for number of generations?

A

n

21
Q

What is the symbol for specific growth rate?

A

k

22
Q

Psychrophilic

A

like it cold, they wont grow well past 10 degrees

23
Q

mesophile

A

broad range, thrive at body temp

24
Q

thermophile

A

high temp

25
Q

Hyperthermophile

A

really high temp

26
Q

Optimal ph refers to what?

A

extracellular only

27
Q

The intracellular ph must stay relatively close to neutral consistent with what?

A

macromolecule stability

28
Q

Microbial culture typically contains buffers to maintain what?

A

constant ph

29
Q

-what causes plasmolysis because of hypertonic environments, required by extreme or obligate halophiles, and tolerated by facultative halophiles

A

high osmotic pressure

30
Q

grows very well in high salt concentrations

A

halophile

31
Q

can grow with salt but does not have to

A

halotolerant

32
Q

not much salt at all

A

nonhalotolerant

33
Q

can grow when osmotic concentrations are really high

A

osmophile

34
Q

can grow really well when dry

A

zerophile

35
Q

What are the enzymes that destroy toxic oxygen species like superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical?

A

catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, combination of catalase and superoxide dismutase, and superoxide reductase

36
Q

oligate aerobe

A

requires oxygen

37
Q

facultative aerobe

A

not required but grows better with oxygen

38
Q

microaerophilic aerobe

A

required but at levels lower than atmospheric

39
Q

aerotolerant anaerobe

A

not required and grows no better with oxygen present

40
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

harmful or lethal

microbiology (6 decks)

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