coordination and response

Question 1

what are hormones?

Answer 1

chemical messengers sent in the blood

Question 2

where are hormones carried in?

Answer 2

the blood plasma

Question 3

what do hormones affect?

Answer 3

only their target cells

Question 4

what do hormones control?

Answer 4

things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment

Question 5

where are hormones produced?

Answer 5

in the glands

Question 6

how do hormones travel? and how long do their effects last?

Answer 6

travel slowly and have long lasting effects ( relatively)

Question 7

where is adrenaline made?

Answer 7

adrenal glands ( on top of kidneys)

Question 8

what is adrenaline’s role?

Answer 8

readies the body for a fight or flight response

Question 9

what are the effects of adrenaline?

Answer 9

-increases heart rate, blood flow to muscles and blood sugar level

Question 10

where is insulin made?

Answer 10

pancreas

Question 11

what is insulin’s role?

Answer 11

helps control the blood sugar level by stimulating the liver to turn glucose into GLYCOGEN for storage

Question 12

where is testosterone made?

Answer 12

Testes

Question 13

what is testosterone’s role?

Answer 13

main male sex hormone
promotes male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 14

what is glucagon?

Answer 14

hormone which converts glycogen to glucose for energy

Question 15

what is progesterone?

Answer 15

it supports pregnancy
by maintaining the lining of the uterus

Question 16

what is oestrogen?

Answer 16

main female sex hormone
controls the menstrual cycle and promotes female secondary sexual characteristics

Question 18

What are auxins?

Answer 18

Auxins are plant growth regulators (chemicals) produced in cells at the tips of growing shoots and roots. They spread by diffusion to other cells in that region and they cause cells to elongate (become longer).

Question 19

What can auxins be used as?

Answer 19

Selective herbicides ( weedkiller)
They cause plants in the dicot family ( not the grasses) to grow very fast. The plants use up so much energy that they end up dying.

Question 20

Where is auxin produced?

Answer 20

The tip of the shoot and it diffuses down

Question 21

What happens to the shoot if light is above it ?

Answer 21

Auxin spreads out evenly and the shoot grows straight.

Question 22

What happens to the shoot if light shines from the side?

Answer 22

Unidirectional light–> causes auxin to move to shaded side and those cells get longer. ( Shoot leans towards the light).

Question 23

what does light do to auxins

Answer 23

light destroys auxins- which is why they move to the shady side.

Question 24

In shoots, auxin causes the cells to …

Answer 24

get longer

Question 25

Shoot is ... phototropic

Answer 25

positively

Question 26

In roots, auxin inhibits the...

Answer 26

elongation of cells

Question 27

Root is ... phototropic

Answer 27

negatively

Question 27

A shoot is ... geotropic

Answer 27

negatively

Question 28

A root is ... geotropic

Answer 28

positively

Question 29

What stimuli do plants respond to?

Answer 29

Water, Touch, Light, Gravity

Question 30

What are some features of the skin?

Answer 30

Protection, Helps with thermal regulation, Prevents loss of moisture from internal organs, Sensitivity

Question 31

Temperature rises above normal-sweating

Answer 31

Sweat glands secrete more sweat onto skin

Question 32

why is lots of sweat produced when it is warmer?

Answer 32

because when it evaporates, it transfers energy from your skin to the environment- cooling you down

Question 33

why do vessels dilate/ widen?

Answer 33

this is called vasodilation, it allows more blood to flow near the surface of the skin, so it can transfer more energy into the surroundings by radiation

Question 34

why do hairs lie flat when it is warm

Answer 34

to avoid creating an insulating layer

Question 35

why do hairs rise when it is cold?

Answer 35

to trap an insulating layer of air; which helps keep you warm

Question 36

what is vasoconstriction

Answer 36

when blood vessels near the surface of your skin constrict ( when it is cold) so less blood flows near the surface, so less energy transferred to surroundings.

Question 37

why do you shiver when its cold?

Answer 37

because it increases the rate of respirations, which transfers more energy to warm the body- exercise does the same

Question 38

why is only very little sweat produced when it is cold?

Answer 38

so there is less evaporation of sweat- so less heat is lost from the skin

Question 39

why can smaller organisms cool down faster?

Answer 39

they have bigger SA: Vol ratios- they can gain and lose heat faster as the substances can move in and out faster as there is a short distance from the edge to the middle