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Question 1

What is the histological organization of the female ovary from outside to inside?

Answer 1

1 Germinal Epithelium (not correct name)
Simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium
*In comparison with male: no peritoneum present

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2 Tunica Albuginea: dense connective tissue, analogous to male

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3 Cortex:
Cortical stroma connective tissue
Primordial follicles (dormant for 12-50 years)
After puberty: Stages of development of oocytes/follicles
(right under tunica albuginea)

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4 Medulla
loose connective tissue, blood/lymphatic vessels, nerves

Question 2

What are the two functions of the mensturation periods and what are the two main steroids produced and what is their function?

Answer 2

Function 1: Gamete: ovum production in monthly cycles
Function 2: Female sex hormone (steroid) production in monthly cycles

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Estrogen function: development of external sex organs + breast
Progesteron function: development of internal sex organs + lactation

Question 3

Which part of the histological organization of the ovary is most prone to cancer?

Answer 3

“Germinal” epithelium origin of 70% of ovarian cancers

Question 4

Where do the germ cells actually come from before reaching the ovary?

Answer 4

Germ cells are extra-gonadal origin:

migration From embryonic yolk sac
To cortex of embryonic ovary

Question 5

What is the function of the follicular cells of the ovary?

Answer 5

They sustain a single developing primary oocyte which is Dormant: Arrested in prophase of 1st meiotic division

Question 6

What are follicular cells called later in life?

Answer 6

G cells/granulosa cells

Question 7

What do Stromal cells eventually become and what is their function?

Answer 7

Eventually become: theca interna and theca externa

Theca interna cells: Produce androgens to get sent to G cells for conversion to estrogen.

Theca externa cells are stromal supporting cells (support theca interna)

Question 8

What hormones control the menstrual cycle in the first two weeks, on day 14, and on the 2nd two weeks?

Answer 8

Before Ovulation: 1st two weeks: FSH and estrogen control

Ovulation: on day 14: LH control

After ovulation: 2nd two weeks: LH and Progesteron control

Question 9

What is the structure of a primordial follicle?

Answer 9

A primordial follicle has a primary oocyte (2n) at its center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous follicular cells, a basal lamina, and stromal cells.

Question 10

In which stage of meiosis are primary oocytes arrested?

Answer 10

Primary oocytes are arrested in prophase of the first meiotic division.