Core 2: CQ1

Question 1

Vertebral column

Answer 1

Cervical vertebrae 
Thoracic vertebrate 
Lumbar 
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 2

Major bone types

Answer 2

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Question 3

Long bone examples

Answer 3

Shaped to absorb shock and distribute pressure 
Radius 
Ulna
Metacarpals 
Phalanges

Question 4

Short bones examples

Answer 4

Carpals

Tarsals

Question 5

Flat bones examples

Answer 5

Scapula

Cranium

Question 6

Irregular bone examples

Answer 6

Patella

Vertebrae

Question 7

Sesamoid bones

Answer 7

Small bones embedded in tendons where pressure develops

Question 8

Sutures bones or Wormiam bones

Answer 8

Small bones located between the joints of some cranial bones

Question 9

Articulate

Answer 9

Unite or join

Tibia and femur articulate at the knee joint

Question 10

Anatomical position

Answer 10

Standing erect

Facing front on and palms facing forward

Question 11

Superior

Answer 11

Towards the head

Chest is superior to the hips

Question 12

Inferior

Answer 12

Towards the feet

The foot is inferior to the patella

Question 13

Anterior

Answer 13

Towards the front

Breast on anterior chest wall

Question 14

Posterior

Answer 14

Toward the back

Vertebrae is posterior to the heart

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

Toward midline

Question 16

Lateral

Answer 16

Away from midline

Question 17

Proximal

Answer 17

Towards body’s mass

Shoulder is proximal to the elbow

Question 18

Distal

Answer 18

Away from the body’s mass

Wrist is distal to elbow

Question 19

Axial skeleton

Answer 19

Provides a central support axis

Skull cranium mandible vertebrae sternum ribs

Question 20

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 20

Bones of the limbs shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle

Question 21

Joint actions pairs

Answer 21

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Pronation 
Supination
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Dorsiflexion
Planterflexion
Inversion
Eversion

Question 22

Unpaired joint actions

Answer 22

Rotation
Hyper extension
Circumduction

Question 23

Structure and function of synovial joints

Answer 23

Joints are the weakest part but still provide great great resistance to any forces trying to push the bones out of alignment

Question 24

Joint types

Answer 24

Fibrous- bones have no joint cavity and they are held together by strong connective tissue

Cartilaginous- bones have no joint cavity, held together by ligaments by cartilage (vertebrae)

Synovial- bones have a joint cavity, held together by ligaments and separated by synovial fluid in the joint cavity (skull)

Question 25

Synovial fluid

Answer 25

Secretion that lubricates and nourishes the articulating cartilage and removes waste products - helps to keep moving surfaces apart Forms a cushion b/w bones

Question 26

Bursa

Answer 26

Small sac containing synovial fluid, located at friction sites b/w bones and tendons

Question 27

Tendons

Answer 27

Inelastic cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone | Joints are further strengthened by muscle tendons that extend across the joint and assist ligament to hold joint closed

Question 28

Ligaments

Answer 28

Defined fibrous bonds that connect articulating bones Are designed to assist the joint capsule to maintain stability in the joint by restraining excessive movement, but can also control the degree and direction of movement that occurs

Question 29

Synovial joints

Answer 29

Gliding- b/w carpals and tarsals Hinge- elbow and knee joints Pivot- neck, proximal end of radius and ulna Ellipsoid(condyloid)- metacarpals and phalanges Saddle- b/w carpal and metacarpal of thumb Ball and socket- shoulder and hip bone

Question 30

Larynx

Answer 30

Air passes over the larynx and down the trachea

Question 31

Trachea

Answer 31

Windpipe; cartilage- reinforced tube extending from larynx to bronchi

Question 32

Lung

Answer 32

Organ specialised for the exchange of gases between the blood and the atmosphere

Question 33

Bronchiole

Answer 33

A thin walled branch of a bronchus

Question 34

Bronchus

Answer 34

One of the two primary divisions of the trachea that leads to the lungs

Question 35

Alveoli

Answer 35

Clusters of air sacs that are the site of gas exchange for the human body

Question 36

Inspiration breathing

Answer 36

Diaphragm contracts and flattens as external inter costal muscles ( between the ribs) lift the ribs outward and upwards

Question 37

Expiration breathing

Answer 37

Diaphragm relaxes and moved upwards as intercostal muscles allows the ribs and other structures to return to their resting positions

Question 38

Why lung function increases when physical activity intensity increases

Answer 38

Increased demand for oxygen because of the working muscles | Increased production of waste/ by products to be removed

Question 39

Skeletal system functions

Answer 39

Support- provide a framework for the body Protection- of vital organs Movement- muscles contract and pull on bones and produce movement Storage of energy Mineral storage- calcium and phosphorus- released when needed