Core In Depth Technical Flashcards
(12 cards)
Mass Production
The manufacture of large quatnities of standardised product, frequently using an assembly line or automation technology. Careful control of quality standards and division of labour
+High Accuracy
+Labour costs are often lower
+Few workers required
+ allows to use interchangle parts (slight design variation)
*
-Wasted resources
-If one area is interrupted the entire production process may be effected (chain reaction)*
Henry Ford:* In 1913, Henry Ford pioneered moving assembly line. This reduced manfuacturing time for parts and allowed Ford to use such methods to chassis assembly and by 1915 he cut his manuacturing time down by 90%. This made the manufacturing of cars substanially more affordable to the general public*
Batch Production
Small quantity of identical products are made, batches can be made as often as required and machine can be changed easily to produce different amounts
+lower costs
+design flexiblity (produce a variety of product variations)
+makes logical sense to do when demand of a product is not established or sufficent to dedicate a production process to it
-reconfiguring machines for design flexibility may result in downtime
-Labour is required to move items from one stage to another
Small Scale
Small numbers of product are produced, amount is dependent on demand or the bespoke nature of the product. Ideal for when the occupation requries personal attention and care such as tailoring or jewellery or when industuries in the experimental stage have to run on small scale.
+close supervision, the small producer can supervise the minutest details of the business ensuring machinery wont be spoiled and materials will not be wasted
+economical managment, it is unessecary to engage large staff
+personal attention to customers, the small producer sends away his customers perfectly satisfied by personally attending to their orders. Personal contact is pleasant and profitable
-Out dated machinery, less scope for modent machinery and labour so cost per unit is higher
-No Research and Experimentation, cannot afford to spend large sums on research so he cant discover new materials/processes.
Quality Control
Quality Control tests the products to highlight any issues which would impact quality, issues are reported and changes are made
Reviewing the controlling 3 factors included in the process of production:
-Controls- Refers to the systems and procedures put in place like managing jobs, having set processes, defining standards etc
- Competence - People doing the works ensuring they have the nessecary knowledge, skills and is qualified
- Personal Integrity - Refers to the attitude and behaviour of the individuals involved, includes aspects like confidence, organisiation, motivation
Each of these can have a huge impact on outcome if they are poorly managed
Qualtiy Assurance
To improve and manage the quality of products and processes to avoid quality control issues in the first place
Two principles…
Fit For Purpose - Suitable for intended use
Right First Time - Mistakes should be eliminated
Testing To Evalute Performace
Comparative Testing - Evaluates strengths and weaknesses based on user’s actual experiences. It can guages how well you product measures up to the competition. The focus is on quantitative data (statistics and hard facts). Its also used to test materials against proprerties like hardness testing, fatigue etc
Ratings Charts - Users select from a number of choices that represent different degrees of a particular characteristic.
Single Craft (Production Systems)
Involves the use of few extremely skilled individuals with excellent craftsmanship in all areas. The outcome is fewer made products but they are extremely high quality. This method results in less intensive, paid labour so is cost efficient. Ideal for small scale or one off.
Bundle (Production Systems)
Bundle is a systematic, efficient approach where tasks are split into bundles managed by highly skilled workers in their respective areas. Once the product is done at one bundle it moves onto the next until complete. Ideal for batch or mass production.
+ large amount of product made
+ systematic so no step is skipped, easy to manage
- downtime if one of the skilled workers is away
- low team morale (no communciation)
- intensive labour
Cell (Production Systems)
Cell production is when a factory or assembly line is split into highly specialised/skilled sections ‘Cells’ that are trained to do one part of the manufacture.
Each indiuval is trained (investment) and skilled in all respective areas allowing for people to swap and rotate to optimise efficiency. They can communicate this process due to the closeness they have which also creates better morale and bonds.
- workers can get distracted via communication
- Intensive labour, high pay
+ workers become multi skilled for future business needs
+ quality improvemet as each cell is resonsipble for their outcome and the quality the produce.
Rapid Prototyping
Creates 3D forms from a digital file so it can be visualised, evaulated and indivudal parts can be modified. Methods consist of additie and subtractive manufacturing.
Selective Laser Sintering
Tiny particles of plastic, metal, glass etc are fused together by heat from a high-power laser to form a solid, 3d object. Particles float around in a reseervior until a laser heats and fuses them together. Its slower than stereo lithography
Stereo Lithography
An additive manufacturing process using a vat of liquid UV-curable photopolymer ‘resin’ and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time
+ produces highly detailed, durable objects with smooth finishes
+ outcome is resistant to UV sources like sun
Commonly used materials are ABS,PP
