correlational designs Flashcards
(10 cards)
A defining characteristic of the correlational study is that the ____.
research is conducted in field settings rather than in a laboratory
intent is simply to describe behaviors
intent is to demonstrate the relationship between variables
research uses virtual reality rather than “real life”
research is conducted in field settings rather than in a laboratory
intent is simply to describe behaviors
-intent is to demonstrate the relationship between variables
research uses virtual reality rather than “real life”
In a correlational study, commonly, ____.
one variable is measured
two variables are measured
one individual is described in great detail
one individual is treated
In a correlational study, commonly, ____.
one variable is measured
-two variables are measured
one individual is described in great detail
one individual is treated
A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold on to exams until the last possible moment. The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of a ____.
positive correlation
negative correlation
correlation near zero
correlation near one
positive correlation
-negative correlation
correlation near zero
correlation near one
Which pair of variables should produce a negative relationship?
square footage of a house and price of a house
number of years of schooling and annual income
age of child and verbal skill level
speed of running and time to complete a race
square footage of a house and price of a house
number of years of schooling and annual income
age of child and verbal skill level
-speed of running and time to complete a race
In correlational studies, the consistency of a relationship is typically measured and described by the numerical value obtained for a ____.
mean
ttest
correlational coefficient
standard deviation
In correlational studies, the consistency of a relationship is typically measured and described by the numerical value obtained for a ____.
mean
-ttest
correlational coefficient
standard deviation
A Pearson correlation of r = -0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.
clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right
clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right
widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right
widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right
clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right
clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right
widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right
-widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right
Which set of correlations correctly shows the highest to lowest degree of relationship?
-0.91, +0.83, +0.10, -0.03
-0.91, +0.83, -0.03, -0.10
+0.83, +0.10, -0.91, -0.03
+0.83, +0.10, -0.03, -0.91
—0.91, +0.83, +0.10, -0.03
-0.91, +0.83, -0.03, -0.10
+0.83, +0.10, -0.91, -0.03
+0.83, +0.10, -0.03, -0.91
When students apply to graduate school, they usually are required to submit GRE scores along with their applications. College officials know that there is a good relationship between scores on the GRE and success in graduate school. In this situation, success in graduate school is best characterized as the ____ variable.
predictor
criterion
dependent
independent
predictor
-criterion
dependent
independent
A researcher reports a positive relationship between sugar consumption and activity level for a group of eight-year-old children. However, the researcher cannot be sure whether the extra sugar is causing the children to be more active or whether the extra activity is causing the children to eat more sugar. This is an example of the ____.
third-variable problem
directionality problem
reversal problem
criterion problem
third-variable problem
-directionality problem
reversal problem
criterion problem
What is indicated by a negative correlation between grade point average and the number of hours spent studying for a sample of college students?
As the number of hours increases, grade point average also increases.
As the number of hours increases, grade point average decreases.
As the number of hours decreases, grade point average also decreases.
A negative correlation indicates that there is no consistent relationship.
As the number of hours increases, grade point average also increases.
-As the number of hours increases, grade point average decreases.
As the number of hours decreases, grade point average also decreases.
A negative correlation indicates that there is no consistent relationship.
