Correlations

Question 1

What are correlations?

Answer 1

A mathematical technique measuring the strength and direction of an association between two variables (co-variables)

Question 2

Positive correlation

Answer 2

As one co-variable increases, so does the other

Question 3

Negative correlation

Answer 3

As one co-variable increases, the other decreases

Question 4

Zero correlation

Answer 4

Where there is no relationship between co-variables

Question 5

Correlational hypothesis

Answer 5

There is a positive/negative/no correlation between…

Question 6

Difference between correlations and experiments

Answer 6

In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the IV to measure the effect on the DV, allowing a cause-and-effect relationship to be identified. Whereas, in a correlation there is no manipulation of variables (co-variables exist) so a cause-and-effect relationship can’t be established

Question 7

Strengths of correlations

Answer 7

• Useful starting point for research
• Provide a quantifiable measure of how two variables are related
• Suggests ideas for future research
• Fairly quick and easy to carry out (no manipulation of variables, secondary data can be used)

Question 8

Limitations of correlations

Answer 8

• Doesn’t tell us why variables are related
• Cannot demonstrate cause-and-effect relationship (an intervening variable may be present)
• Misused or misinterpreted