Costal landforms formed by deposition and erosion

Question 1

How are wave-cut platforms formed

1. … cause … (abrasion, … action) at the … of the …
   2.this forms a …-cut … which is … by erosion
2. … on top of the … becomes … and … causing the cliff to …
3. This process … and what is left behind is a … cut …

Answer 1

1.waves cause erosion (abrasion, hydraulic action) at the foot of the cliff
2.this forms a wave-cut notch which is enlarged by erosion
3.material on top of the notch becomes unsupported and collapses causing the cliff to retreat
4. This process repeats and what is left behind is a wave cut platform

Question 2

How are headlands and bays formed

1. On … coastlines where there are … bands of … and … rock, … and bays are …
2. The … rock is less … and is … more … than the … resistant rock
   3.the … rock erodes forming … where … is … and collected forming …
3. The … rock erodes more …, … out forming a …

Answer 2

1. On discordant coastlines where there are alternating bands of hard and soft rock headlands and bays are formed
2. The soft rock is less resistant and is eroded more quickly than the hard resistant rock
   3.the soft rock erodes forming bays where material is deposited and collected forming beaches
3. The hard rock erodes more slowly, jutting out forming a headland

Question 3

What kind of coastlines do headlands and bays form on

Answer 3

Discordant coastlines

Question 4

How are caves, arches, stacks and stumps formed

1…. in headlands expand by … action and …
2. Repeated … causes the … to form a …
3. Eventually there will be so much … that the … breaks … the … forming an …
4. The … on top of the … becomes … and … leaving a …
5. … cause … at the … of the stack, the … will become too … and the material on top will … forming a …

Answer 4

1.cracks in headlands expand by hydraulic action and abrasion
2. Repeated erosion causes the cracks to form a cave
3. Eventually there will be so much erosion that the cave beaks through the headland forming an arch
4. The material on top of the arch becomes unsupported and collapses leaving a stack
5. Waves cause erosion at the foot of the stack, the base will become too weak and the material on top will collapse forming a stump

Question 5

What are beaches formed by

Answer 5

Deposition

Question 6

How are beaches formed

Answer 6

1. Beaches are found on coasts between the high water mark and the low water mark
   2.they are formed by constructive waves depositing material like sand and shingle

Question 7

What characteristics do sand beaches have

Answer 7

-They are flat and wide
-sand particles are small and the weak backwash can move them back down the beach
-this creates a long gentle slope

Question 8

What characteristics do shingle beaches have

Answer 8

-they are steep and narrow
-shingle particles are large and the weak backwash can’t move them back down the beach
-these shingle particles build up creating a steep slope

Question 9

How are spits formed

1…. drift transports … and shingle … the … and … it into the sea
2. Strong … and waves can … the end of the … forming a r… end
3.the … area behind the spit is a low … environment so lots of material … in this …
4. Over … the … area can be some a … marsh or mud …

Answer 9

1.longshore drift transports sand and shingle past the bend and deposits it into the sea
2. Strong winds and waves can curve the end of the spit forming a recurved end
3.the sheltered area behind the spit is a low energy environment so lots of material accumulates in this area
4. Over time the sheltered area can be some a salt marsh or mud flat

Question 10

What are spits

Answer 10

-spits are beaches that stick out into the sea
-they form at sharp bends at the coastline

Question 11

How are bars formed

1. A … is formed when a … joins 2 … together
2. The … cuts of the … between the headlands and the …
3. A … is formed … the bar

Answer 11

1. A bar is formed when a spit joins 2 headlands together
2. The bar cuts of the bay between the headlands and the sea
3. A lagoon is formed behind the bar