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Sociology > Couples > Flashcards

Couples Flashcards

1
Q

Instrumental role

A

To achieve success at work

To provide financial support

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2
Q

Division of labour

A

Child care
Domestic labour - cooking and cleaning
Paid employment

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3
Q

Expressive role

A

Primary socialisation of the children

Meeting the family’s emotional needs

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4
Q

In the traditional nuclear role - TALCOTT PARSONS (1955)

A

The husband has an instrumental role

The woman has an expressive role

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5
Q

Talcott Parsons 1955 argument

A

This nuclear family division of labour is based on biological differences, with women “naturally” suited to the nurturing role.
He claims thats the division of labour is beneficial to both men and women

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6
Q

Functionalist view on couples

A

Stereotypical - nuclear family - wife’s the housewife.

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7
Q

Feminist view on couples

A

Equal roles or mum are subservient

Feminists may argue that right now there is patriarchal control

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8
Q

Marxist view on couples

A

Would argue the mans role is to provide and the woman is to do unpaid labour which allows the male to provide these resources
Filling in the needs for capitalism

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9
Q

New Right view on couples

A

They would value the traditional family.
The stereotypical family is the epitome

E.g singe parents viewed as less

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10
Q

The domestic division of labour

A

The roles that men and women perform in relation to housework, childcare and paid work

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11
Q

During the industrial revolution

A

The division of labour became more prominent

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12
Q

Elizabeth Bott (1957)

A

SEGREGATED and JOINT conjugal roles

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13
Q

SEGREGATED conjugal roles

A

Where the couple have separate roles: a male breadwinner and a female homemaker/ career (as in Parsons’ roles).
Their leisure activities also tend to be separate.

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14
Q

JOINT conjugal roles

A

Where the couple share tasks such as housework and childcare and spend their leisure time together.

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15
Q

Wilmott and Young

A

See family life as gradually improving for all its members (known as the MARCH OF PROGRESS VIEW)

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16
Q

Wilmott and Young’s investigational result

A

Symmetrical family - the roles of husbands and wives are now much more similar (women work, men HELP with housework, couples spend leisure time together)

They studied families in LONDON and found the symmetrical family was more common amongst younger couples, those who re geographically or socially isolated, and the more affluent

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17
Q

Wilmott and Youngs - REASONS FOR THE RISE IN THE SYMMETRICAL FAMILY

A
  • Changes in women’s position in society
  • More women working
  • Geographical mobility (living away from communities you grow up in)
  • new technology and labour saving devices (hoover, washing machine)
  • Higher standards of living
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18
Q

EVALUATION of Wilmott and Young

A

Their research methods were criticised. Vague questions and unrepresentative sample

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19
Q

Wilmott and Youngs MARCH OF PROGRESS VIEW

A

See family life as gradually improving for all its members

20
Q

The Feminist View - OAKLEY

A
  • rejects “Marke of Progress” view
  • Men and women remain unequal within the family and women do most of the housework
  • The fact that men are seen as “helping” women more does not prove symmetry. It shows that the responsibility of housework is still the woman’s
  • even though more women work, the housewife role is still the women’s primary role.
21
Q

The feminist view OAKLEY research findings

A
  • 15% of husbands had a higher level of participation in housework
  • 25% high level in childcare (BUT ONLY IN THE MORE PLEASURABLE ASPECTS)
  • Men take on the more pleasurable household tasks
22
Q

WILLMOTT & YOUNG stratified sampling

A

They argued that changes in norms and values tend to start among the wealthier in society and then others start to behave in the same way
(The behaviour is “DIFFUSED” from one STRATA - class - to another).

23
Q

Elston’s

A

Survey of over 400 couples, in which both partners were doctors, found that 80% of female doctors reported that they took time off work to look after their sick children, compared with on,h 2% or male doctors

24
Q

Dex and Ward

A

Found that although 78% of fathers played with their children, only 1% took responsibility when their child was sick

25
Q

Braun, Vincent and Ball

A

Only 3 families out of 70 studied was the main character

26
Q

Boulton

A

Argues men help by performing specific tasks with childcare, the mother normally takes responsibility for the child’s security and well-being

27
Q

Positive impacts of an increase in money

A
  • more money may increase the standard of living
  • nursery may be useful to socialise the child
  • may encourage a more equal division of labour
  • privatisation of domestic work - can provide more leisure time
  • if mother works - becomes a role model for children/ daughters
28
Q

Southerton (2011)

A

Argues that responsibility for coordinating, scheduling and managing the family’s “quality time” generally falls to mothers

29
Q

Negative impact on increase in money

A
  • Stressed
    — Reliance on childcare - Baulby: argues the first 2 years of your life are crucial for future relationships
  • May cause stress on fathers if domestic labour is increased
  • privatisation of domestic work - ruins family values as externals are cleaning, cooking etc.
30
Q

Man-Yee Kan (2001)

A

Income, age and education can have a positive or negative correlation with the
amount of housework women do. For every £10,000 increase in salary, there is
a two-hour reduction in housework

31
Q

Gershuny (1994)

A

Argues that there has been a gradual increase in equality between the sexes
due to a SHIFT IN NORMS AND VALUES around paid work. It is seen as the
norm for wives and mothers to work

32
Q

Crompton (1997)

A 
Agrees with Gershuny, though she thins the trend towards equality is linked to
EARNING POWER (money) rather than changing norms and values.
33
Q

Sullivan (1975)

A

Trend between towards equality in the home. Men are taking on more
traditionally email tastes (SIMILAR TO THE “SYMMETRICAL FAMILY” theory)

34
Q

Pahl (1984)

A

Conducted a survey of 750 couples and discovered that unemployed men did
more around the home, but wives, when they were in work, were still expected
to be responsible for the bulk of housework.

35
Q

The Time Use Survey of 20.5 carried out by LADER ET AL (2006)

A

Found that women in paid work spent 21 hours a week on average on
housework, compared with only 12 hours spent by men on the same. Overall,
this survey found that 92% of women do some housework per day VS only 77% of men

36
Q

But man and Huxley (1997)

A

Suggest that the inequality in the division of labour is a major cause of divorce today

37
Q

Bolton (1983)

A

Argues men help by performing specific tasks with childcare, the mother
normally takes responsibility for the child’s security and well-being

38
Q

Ferri and Smith (1996)

A

Survey sample of 1,586 33-year-old fathers and mothers. Fathers took main
responsibility for childcare in fewer than 4% of families

39
Q

Arber and Ginn (1995)

A

Middle class vwomen buyimg labour saving devices

40
Q

Morris (1990)

A

Even when fathers are unemployed, they avoid the housework. R W Connell
calls this the “crisis off masculinity”

41
Q

The triple shift - HOCHSCHILD (1983)

A

suggests an even bleaker picture for mother’s: paid work, followed by domestic work and supporting the family emotionally (E.G CARING FOR A SICK CHILD)

MARSDEN(1995) - Calls this a ‘triple shift’

42
Q

Dunne (1999)

A

Thinks that inequality in the division of labour arises because of deeply ingrained ‘gender scripts’ (essentially norms and values about who does what in the home and gender roles

43
Q

CROMPTON AND LYONETTE (2008) 2 MAIN GENDER ARGUMENTS FOR GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR - cultural and ideological explanation of inequality

A

Patriarchal norms shape the gender roles

44
Q

CROMPTON AND LYONETTE (2008) 2 MAIN GENDER ARGUMENTS FOR GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR - cultural and ideological explanation of inequality

A

Patriarchal norms shape the gender roles

45
Q

CROMPTON AND LYONETTE (2008) 2 MAIN GENDER ARGUMENTS FOR GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR - the economics, explanation of inequality

A

Women earn less so makes sense for the man to earn and the woman to do more housework and childcare

Sociology (40 decks)

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