Cow Diseases

Question 1

COD causes

Answer 1

Due to endocrine imbalance
Disorder of GnRH release
Improper timed LH surge 
Missing receptors for LH/FSH 
HIGH milk production 
Seasonality
Nutrition
Estrogenic feeds
Heredity

Question 2

COD: clinical signs

Answer 2

Nymphomania (not wanting sex)

Anestrus (no estrus)

Question 3

COD:diagnosis

Answer 3

History
Rectal palpation
Ultrasound

Question 4

COD:treatment

Answer 4

50% randomly resolve
GNRH
95% cure in 3 treatments

Question 5

COD:preventing

Answer 5

Cull
Early re breeding
GnRH assure accurate diagnosis

Question 6

Dystocia

Answer 6

1st or 2nd stage
Fetal oversize
Hypocalcemia
Failure of cervical dilation

Question 7

Dystocia: prevention

Answer 7

Use low birth weight Bulls
Pelvic measurements
Good nutrition

Question 8

Left Displaced Abomasum

Question 9

LDA: risk factors

Answer 9

Hypocalcemia 
Endotoxemia 
Ketosis
Birth of twins 
Space for the abomasum to wander in between ruman and body wall

Question 10

LDA: clinical signs

Answer 10

Off feed (grain)
Falling milk production
Ping on left side
Normal vital signs

Question 11

LDA: treatment

Answer 11

Cull
Rolling plus a blind stitch 
Surgery
Correct electrolyte imbalances 
Lets is

Question 12

LDA: preventing

Answer 12

Gradual chain in grain levels early in milking period
TMR
CONTROL hypocalcemia (lower CA during dry period )
Other needed pretreatment

Question 13

Milk fever

Answer 13

Acute non fever disease that occurs around calving
Affects high production cows who are generally order
Weakness in paresis

Question 14

Milk fever: causes

Answer 14

Low blood calcium

Milk fever has a 2-7 mg/dL

Question 15

Milk Fever stage 1

Answer 15

Loss of control
Flank and loin trembles 
Restless
Bellowing 
Will go to stage 2

Question 16

Milk fever stage 2

Answer 16

Sternal, unable to stand, walk
Hypothermic
Depression
Smooth school paralysis

Question 17

Milk Fever stage 3

Answer 17

Loss of consciousness to come 
Unable to remain sternal 
Unresponsive to stimuli 
Severe bloat 
Decrease cardiac output 
Death if untreated p

Question 18

milk Fever: treatment

Answer 18

Increase serum calcium

Treat bloat

Question 19

Milk fever: prevention

Answer 19

Towards end dry period, feed low calcium diets

Feed ammonium Chloride 100g/cow/day

Question 20

Mastitis

Answer 20

Economic significance 
Affects milk composition and quality 
Public health 
Caused by bacteria entering in the test end 
Also in beef cows horses goats sheep

Question 21

Mastitis: agent risk factors

Answer 21

Number of organisms
Frequency of exposure
Ability to resist milk out
Resistance to antibiotics

Question 22

Mastitis: host risk factors

Answer 22

Diameter of teat end
Conformation of the Udder
Immunity of the gland

Question 23

Mastitis: environmental risk factors

Answer 23

Milking machine function
Udder trauma
Sanitation

Question 24

Mastitis: types

Answer 24

Contagious and environmental

Question 25

Mastitis: contagious

Answer 25

Spreads during milking Frequent clinical and sub clinical High SCC

Question 26

Mastitis: environmental

Answer 26

In cows environment Spread anytime Well managed herds with low SCC

Question 27

Mastitis: clinical

Answer 27

Grossly abnormal milk | Signs in inflammation

Question 28

Mastitis: sub clinical

Answer 28

Normal milk Increased SCC CMT

Question 29

Mastitis: treatment

Answer 29

Antibiotics NSAIDs TLC

Question 30

Mastitis: 5 point plan

Answer 30

``` Correctly using equipment Pre and post milking test disinfection Dry cow treatment Prompt and effective treatment of clinical cases Cull chronically infected cows ```

Question 31

Johnes Disease

Answer 31

Diarrhea Affects cattle worldwide Contagious and generally fatal

Question 32

Johnes Disease: mycobacterium para tuberculosis

Answer 32

Can survive in the soil for a year Infected animals shed it in manure Usually brought into herd by carrier Most animals infected early in life

Question 33

Johnes Disease: clinical presentation

Answer 33

``` Dairy cattle>beef cattle Older than 2 Chronic weight loss Diarrhea Aggressive appetite Low serum protein Lesions small intestine ```

Question 34

Johnes Disease: diagnosis

Answer 34

blood testing low sensitivity and high specifically Fecal culture but has false positives PCR no treatment

Question 35

Johnes Disease: control

Answer 35

``` Only takes one to make the full herd positive Test all animals, cull positives Test all new entries Rear calves in isolation Regulated vaccine is available ```

Question 36

Hardware Disease Dairy Cows

Answer 36

Non-discriminative eating habits Common in dairy and feedlot cattle Rare in small ruminants and llamas

Question 37

Hardware Disease: clinical signs

Answer 37

``` Off feed Fever Decrease ruman contractions Cranial abdominal pain Decrease milk production Increase heart rate ```

Question 38

Hardware disease: treatment

Answer 38

Depends on organ involved Conservative If no improvement: surgery

Question 39

Hardware Disease: prevention

Answer 39

Eliminate source of feed | Prophylactic magnets

Question 40

Bloat

Answer 40

Frothy bloat: legumes, lush pastures, finely ground grain | Free gas bloat: failure of eructation...vagus nerve damage

Question 41

Bloat: clinical signs

Answer 41

``` Sudden death Mild bloat (distention upper left para lumbar fossa) Moderate bloat (more obvious distention, discomfort) Severe bloat (prominent distention, labored breathing ) ```

Question 42

Bloat: mild Treatment

Answer 42

Promote salivation | Orogastric tube: measure from tip of nose to elbow

Question 43

Bloat: frothy bloat treatment

Answer 43

Anti foaming agents | Alfasure

Question 44

Bloat: free gas treatment

Answer 44

Remove obstruction Pass tube Rumenotomy

Question 45

Bloat: prevention

Answer 45

``` Stage of growth Forage choice Grazing management Drench or top-dressing Ionophores ```

Question 46

Cystic Ovarian Disease

Answer 46

Anovulatory follicular structures greater than 25 mm Causes 15-45 days after calving 50% spontaneously resolve They are dynamic