Parasites

Question 1

Examples of roundworms

Answer 1

Nematodes

Question 2

Example of flatworms

Answer 2

Cestodes(tapeworm)

Trematodes (flukes)

Question 3

Typical Nematode DIRECT life cycle

Answer 3

Egg-l1-l2-l3-immature-mature-repro product

Question 4

How helminths differ from other pathogens

Answer 4

Parasitic infections are not contagious

Disease is associated with quantitative exposture

Question 5

Host site specificity

Answer 5

Most adult helminths occupy organs with a direct connection to the external environment (GI tract, pulmonary, urinary)

Question 6

Adaptations to unfavorable environments

Answer 6

Some parasites have extremely persistent infective stages
Some use vertical transmission and skip environment
Some can transmit infections through paratenic hosts
Some use arrested development

Question 7

Examples of nematode life cycles and transmission strategies

Answer 7

Canine whip worm
Feline roundworm
Canine roundworm
Canine hook worm

Question 8

Trichuris vulpis: canine whipworm: where is it?

Answer 8

Cecum and large intestine

Question 9

Trichuris vulpis: canine whipworm: clinical signs

Answer 9

Bloody diarrhea, weight loss

Question 10

Toxocara cati: feline roundworm: where is it

Answer 10

Small intestine

Question 11

Toxocara cati (feline roundworm):infective stage

Answer 11

Larvated egg

VISERCAL larva migrans in humans

Question 12

Toxocara cati (feline roundworm): clinical signs

Answer 12

Weight loss
Distended abdomen
Poor growth

Question 13

Toxocara cati (feline roundworm): route of infection

Answer 13

Oral ingestion

Transparency (lactogenic) paratenic hosts

Question 14

Ancylostoma caninum (canine hookworm): where is it

Answer 14

Small intestine

Question 15

Ancylostoma caninum (canine hookworm): infected stage

Answer 15

Larva

Cutaneous larva in humans

Question 16

Ancylostoma caninum (canine hookworm): clinical signs

Answer 16

Blood loss anemia

Hypoproteinemia

Question 17

Ancylostoma caninum (canine hookworm): routes of infection

Answer 17

Oral ingestion
Percutaneous
TransmarrAry
Paratenic hosts

Question 18

Toxocara canis (canine roundworm): where is it

Answer 18

Small intestine

Question 19

Toxocara canis (canine roundworm): infected stage

Answer 19

Larvated egg

Visceral/ocular larva in humans

Question 20

Toxocara canis (canine roundworm): clinical signs

Answer 20

Weight loss
Distended abdomen
Poor growth

Question 21

Toxocara canis (canine roundworm): route of infection

Answer 21

Oral ingestion
Prenatal (intrauterine)
Paratenic hosts

Question 22

Helminth parasites

Answer 22

Roundworms and flatworms

Question 23

Typical indirect life cycle

Answer 23

Repro product: infect age stage-immature-mature-repro product

Question 24

Dipylidium caninum (flea tapeworm): where is it

Answer 24

Small intestine

Question 25

Dipylidium caninum (flea tapeworm): how is it passed

Answer 25

Passed within proglottids Eggs must be ingested by a flea Dogs and cats ingest infected flea

Question 26

Dirofilaria immitis (canine heartworm): where is it

Answer 26

Right heart and pulmonary arteries

Question 27

Dirofilaria immitus (canine heartworm): microfilaria

Answer 27

Reproductive product Ingested by Mosquitos INFECTED STAGE

Question 28

Dirofilaria immitus (canine heartworm): clinical signs

Answer 28

Coughing Weight loss Exercise intolerance Heart failure

Question 29

Nematodes diagnosis

Answer 29

Fecal exam | Centrifugal flotation is most sensitive

Question 30

Treatment: antihistamines ''dewormers''

Answer 30

NEMATODES- narrow spectrum Piperazine-ascarids Pyrantel pamoate, emodepside-ascarids and hook worms

Question 31

Treatment:anthelmintics (nematodes broad spectrum)

Answer 31

Benzimidazoles (ascarids, hookworm, whipworm, tapeworm) | Macrocyclic lactones

Question 32

Treatment: Cestodes

Answer 32

Benzimidazoles | Praziquantel

Question 33

Adulticide

Answer 33

Kills the adult worms in the heart and lungs

Question 34

Microfilaride

Answer 34

Kills the microfilaria circulating in the blood

Question 35

Adulticide treatment

Answer 35

Imiticide: 2 24 hours apart in lumbar muscles

Question 36

Microfilaricide

Answer 36

Usually four weeks after Adulticide treatment | Ivermectin can cause shock is MF in large numbers

Question 37

Prevention

Answer 37

Yearly blood test | Preventative drugs