Horse Diseases

Question 1

Tuberculosis

Answer 1

Chronic infection from abscess

Question 2

Vesicular Diseases

Answer 2

Chronic infection from abscess

Question 3

Screwworm

Answer 3

Flys lay larva that eat flesh

Question 4

Rabies

Answer 4

Skunk and raccoons
Fatal neuro disease
Zoonosis
Yearly booster

Question 5

Rhinopneumonitis

Answer 5

Equine herpes virus types 1 4
Respiratory, neurological signs, and abortion
Extremely contagious
Vaccine does not protect vs neuro disease
Booster every six months
Pregnant mares: 5,7,9 months of gestation with killed vaccine

Question 6

Strangles

Answer 6

Young horses
Swollen lymphnodes, fever, respiratory signs
Intranasal vaccine every six to year

Question 7

Tetanus

Answer 7

Anaerobic gram positive bacteria
In soil and feces
Produces spores
Horses and humans>ruminants>dogs>cats>birds

Question 8

Tetanus clinical signs

Answer 8

Locked jaw
Seesaw stance
Mortality

Question 9

Tetanus risk factors

Answer 9

Contaminated wounds…castration, punctured, work involved cattle
Non vaccinated horses

Question 10

Tetanus treatment

Answer 10

Penicillin

Wound care

Question 11

Equine Infectious Anemia

Answer 11

Severe fatal retrovirus disease

Transmitted by horse flies or deer flies

Question 12

EIA risk factors

Answer 12

Summer with horse flies and deer flies
Contact with carrier horse less than 200 yds away
Infected does not mean infectious

Question 13

EIA clinical SIGNS

Answer 13

Fever 
Lathargy
Anemia 
Chronic weight loss
Chronic swelling
Severe anemia 
Death

Question 14

EIA diagnosis

Answer 14

Clinical signs and history

Coggins test

Question 15

EIA control

Answer 15

Life long isolation
Euthanasia
All equine premises require a negative cogging test yearly
Control of biting flies

Question 16

Potomac Horse Fever

Answer 16

Associated with water loving insects

Non infectious among horses

Question 17

PHF risk factors

Answer 17

Seasonal trend: late spring early fall
Barn with night lights
Access to bodies of water
Non vaccinated horses

Question 18

PHF clinical signs

Answer 18

Non specific: fever, lethargy
Diarrhea and dehydration 
Endotoxemia 
Abortion 
Laminitis 
Death

Question 19

PHF diagnosis

Answer 19

Blood work: low WBC count, paired serum titers, PCR or IFA in blood

Question 20

PHF treatment

Answer 20

Oxytertracycline IV
Assess dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, control fever
Prevent laminitis

Question 21

PHF vaccination

Answer 21

Only covers one strain
Vaccinate six months to a year
No protection against abortion

Question 22

Equine Protozoal Myeloemcephalitis

Answer 22

From opposim feces
Neurological disease
Horse is not infectious

Question 23

EPM clinical signs

Answer 23

Lameness

Neurological

Question 24

EPM diagnosis

Answer 24

Neurological exam
Radiograph of neck
Necropsy

Question 25

EPM Treatment

Answer 25

Anti Protozoal Anti inflammatory Physical rehab

Question 26

EPM control

Answer 26

Control opossum Cover feed Remove carcass immediately No vaccine

Question 27

West Nile Virus

Answer 27

Transmitted by Mosquitos Neurological disease Birds are the host Humans and horses are not infectious

Question 28

WNV clinical signs

Answer 28

Paralysis | Fever

Question 29

WNV diagnosis

Answer 29

CSF and serum antibodies titers | Measurement of IgM for acute infection

Question 30

WNV treatment

Answer 30

Antimicrobials until diagnosis is confirmed | IV fluids, anti inflammatorys, sling ,physical rehab

Question 31

WNV CONTROL

Answer 31

Vaccinate every 6 months Control Mosquitos Stay away from water Clean a lot

Question 32

WNV vaccination

Answer 32

Prior to mosquito season fort dodge or Pfizer Canarypox

Question 33

Colic

Answer 33

Abdominal pain Could be caused from inflammation Digestive problems

Question 34

Colic risk factors

Answer 34

``` Dental problems Diet changed Parasitism Previous colic Transportation Parturition Location on farm Stress ```

Question 35

Colic: foals

Answer 35

``` GI ulcers Lactose imbalance Hernias Mechanism impaction Atresia coli White foal syndrome ```

Question 36

Colic-weanling

Answer 36

Ascarid impaction | Changes in diet

Question 37

Colic-middle aged

Answer 37

Dental problems and parasitism Changes in diet Type of soil

Question 38

Colic:older horses

Answer 38

Dental | Pedunculated lipoma

Question 39

Colic: males

Answer 39

Inguinal hernias Standarbreds Saddlebreds Testicular torsion

Question 40

Colic: females

Answer 40

Displacement after parturition Uterine tension Uterine infection

Question 41

Colic:pain

Answer 41

Perception of pain by brain stem and cerebrum Tolerance varies Transmission

Question 42

Colic: clinical signs

Answer 42

Restless | Circling in stall

Question 43

Colic: concurrent disease

Answer 43

Eye related problems Ortho Laminitis

Question 44

Colic: mechanisms

Answer 44

``` Distention: overstretched in gut wall Spasms in GI motility ulcers in stomach Displacement of viscera and tension on MESENTARY Ischemia Peritonitis ```

Question 45

Colic: basic work up

Answer 45

Attitude temperature heart beat respiratory Nasogastric tube if heart rate is greater than 60 Recital exam

Question 46

Colic: deep work up

Answer 46

Blood work: PCV, TS for hydration, WBC, chemistry Ultrasound, gastroscopy Peritoneal fluid collection Exploratory surgery

Question 47

Colic management

Answer 47

Stabilize patient with hydration, control pain, prevent laminitis

Question 48

Colic prevention

Answer 48

``` Dental care No changes in diet Fresh water Regular deworming Monitor Fecal production Avoid sand bedding Regular exercise Safe storage of feed ```

Question 49

Brucellosis

Answer 49

Abortion in cows