CP

Question 1

half life

Answer 1

the time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay into their daughter nuclei

Question 2

tertiary structure

Answer 2

the fully folded 3D conformation of a protein

Question 3

peptide bond

Answer 3

links amino acid
COOH group + NH2 group
this forms an amide

Question 4

E =

Answer 4

E = hf

Question 5

f =

Answer 5

f = c lamba

Question 6

absorption of UV light always results in

Answer 6

excitation of bound electrons
why? because inc energy

Question 7

chromatography

Answer 7

separation technique that takes advantage of different compounds’ solubilities and relative affinities for the stationary phase used

if stationary is polar, then polar molecules will stick (via H-bonds)
nonpolar molecules will not be attracted to the stationary phase and will elute first

Question 8

stereospecific reactions DON’T

Answer 8

DON’T produce a mixture of products

Question 9

enzymes ____ the transition state
which ____ the activation energy
which ____ the reaction rate

Answer 9

stabilize the transition state
decreases activation energy
increases reaction rate

Question 10

enzymes do NOT affect

Answer 10

free energy
reaction equilibrium

Question 11

ionization

Answer 11

gaining a charge
acids: donate proton, gain NEG charge
bases: accept a proton, gain POS charge

Question 12

BP is ___ in the arteries than the veins because

Answer 12

HIGHER
because the heart pumps blood away very forcefully so that it can reach all distant parts

Question 13

ground state

Answer 13

lowest energy possible

Question 14

aromatic amino acids:

Answer 14

histidine (his) H
tyrosine (tyr) T
tryptophan (trp) W
phenylalanine (phe) F

NOT proline!

Question 15

when you phosphorylate an amino acid, you add a ____ which makes the amino acid ____

Answer 15

phosphate group
negatively charged

Question 16

cooperative binding looks like…

Answer 16

a sigmoidal graph

Question 17

proteins that denature at high temperatures are more or less stable than proteins that denature at low temperatures

Answer 17

MORE stable

Question 18

hydroxyl –> carbonyl
carbonyl –> hydroxyl

Answer 18

oxidation
reduction

Question 19

as VP decreases, BP _____

Answer 19

increases
the two are inversely related

Question 20

storage lipids are ____

Answer 20

triacylglycerols (neutral fat)
three fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol

Question 21

oxidation always occurs at the ___, and reduction always occurs at the ___
whether it’s an electrochemical or galvanic (voltaic) cell

Answer 21

oxidation: anode
reduction: cathode

Question 22

describe REDOX in galvanic (voltaic) cell

Answer 22

spontaneous
negative delta G
anode (negative): oxidation
cathode (positive): reduction

Question 23

describe REDOX in electrolytic cell

Answer 23

nonspontaneous
positive delta G
anode (positive): oxidation
cathode (negative): reduction

Question 24

lewis acid

Answer 24

accepts electron pair

Question 25

lewis base

Answer 25

donates electron pair

Question 26

bronsted-lowry acid

Answer 26

donates proton

Question 27

bronsted-lowry base

Answer 27

accepts proton

Question 28

delta G =

Answer 28

-RTlnK

Question 29

coordination number

Answer 29

indicates the number of atoms/ions/molecules bonded to the central atom in a molecule ex. [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 4 is the coordination number

Question 30

ionization energy

Answer 30

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom second IE is energy required to remove a second electron and it is LOWEST for alkaline earth metals

Question 31

secondary structure is characterized by

Answer 31

hydrogen bonds between backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens

Question 32

in a battery-powered resistive circuit, energy goes from ___ to ___ to ___

Answer 32

chemical --> electrical --> thermal

Question 33

shorter bonds are ___ bonds

Answer 33

stronger they will have highest bond energies

Question 34

what volume does 1 mole of gas occupy at STP

Answer 34

22.4 L

Question 35

a bond between the same atom (like a C-C bond) will NOT be polar because

Answer 35

there is no difference in electronegativity value

Question 36

planck's constant h:

Answer 36

6.6 x 10 ^-34

Question 37

free radical

Answer 37

an atom or a molecule with an unpaired electron

Question 38

energy of activation is the

Answer 38

energy of the activated complex - energy of reactants

Question 39

the relative thermodynamic stability of isomeric organic compounds can be inferred from

Answer 39

heats of combustion less heat produced = more stable more heat produced = less stable (bc more energy)

Question 40

the more/less stable product will be produced in greater amounts

Answer 40

more stable aka thermodynamic product

Question 41

as you approach a horn/before passing it the perceived frequency f' is ___ than the actual frequency f

Answer 41

higher f' > f as you or it moves toward

Question 42

as you move away from a horn/after passing it the perceived frequency f' is ___ than the actual frequency f

Answer 42

lower f' < f as you or it moves away

Question 43

osmotic pressure =

Answer 43

iMRT

Question 44

stored charge Q =

Answer 44

Q = CV

Question 45

stored energy U =

Answer 45

U = (1/2) CV^2