CP3: Repair of tissue damage Flashcards Preview

BDS 2: FHHD > CP3: Repair of tissue damage > Flashcards

Flashcards in CP3: Repair of tissue damage Deck (21)
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1
Q

What is always an outcome of tissue loss and destruction?

A

Inflammation occurs in all cases

2
Q

What are the 4 stages of tissue repair?

A
  • Hemostasis
  • Inflammation
  • Proliferation
  • Remodelling
3
Q

Define Regeneration

A

Regeneration is the replacement of injured cells with cells of the same type

4
Q

Define Resolution

A

Resolution is the complete return to normal structure and function after injury

5
Q

Define Restitution

A

Restitution is return to normality due to a combination of regeneration and resolution

6
Q

Define Repair

A

Repair is the replacement of lost tissue by fibrous (scar) tissue

7
Q

Wound healing process

A
  • Wound with escape of blood
  • haemostasis/clotting
  • inflammation
  • macrophages remove debris
  • cells regenerate if possible
  • microvessels grow in/angiogenesis
  • fibroblasts move in, proliferate and lay down collagen
  • scar
8
Q

What is a labile cell?

A

Cells continue to proliferate throughout life to replace those that are constantly being destroyed

9
Q

What is a stable cell?

A

Cells that turn over at a low level under normal circumstances but which are capable of rapid replication if required

10
Q

What is a permanent cell?

A

Either incapable of mitotic division or organised proliferation

11
Q

Examples of Labile cells

A
  • Skin
  • Gut mucosa
  • Bone marrow
12
Q

Examples of stable cells

A
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Endocrine glands
  • Bone
13
Q

Examples of permanent cells

A
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Neurones
  • Striated/skeletal muscle
14
Q

When can’t stable/labile cells not regenerate?

A

If the architectural structure is compromised

15
Q

What 3 tissues can regenerate all constituents

A
  • Liver
  • Bone
  • Bone marrow
16
Q

What are adult stem cells?

A

Make cells in certain niches like skin, GI tract, liver, bone marrow

17
Q

What do fibroblasts synthesise?

A

Synthesise extracellular matrix and collagen

18
Q

What is the role of macrophages? (4)

A
  • Clear debris
  • Secrete growth factors
  • Stimulate endothelial cells
  • Stimulate fibroblasts
19
Q

Steps in fracture healing

A

– Cartilage formed in granulation tissue from chondrocytes
– Bridges gap (provisional callus)
– Calcification and ossification by osteoblasts (fibrocartilagenous callus then bony callus)
– remodelling by osteoclasts/blasts
– woven bone becomes lamellar (as before)
– only situation where granulation tissue leads to regeneration, every other time repair with fibrosis

20
Q

Systemic factors that affect healing? (6)

A
– Age
– Nutrition
– Diabetes mellitus
– Steroids
– Chronic illness eg renal failure
– Haematological disorder
21
Q

Local factors that affect healing? (7)

A
– Infection
– Foreign material embedded in wound
– Blood supply
– Type of tissue
– Extent of injury 
– Mobility
– Radiation