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MIDTERMS & FINALS > CPHM: CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH | UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE > Flashcards

CPHM: CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH | UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE Flashcards

1
Q

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort

A

Public Health

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2
Q

An organized community effort to address the public interest in health by applying scientific and technical knowledge to prevent disease and promote health

A

Public Health

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3
Q

“The future of public health”

A

Institute of Medicine, 1988

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4
Q

ensure conditions that promote the health of the community

A

Mission of PH

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5
Q

Preventing the initial development of a disease

Examples: Immunization, reducing exposure to a risk factor

A

Primary prevention

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6
Q

Early detection of existing disease to reduce severity and complications

example: Screening for cancer

A

Secondary prevention

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7
Q

Reducing the impact of the disease

examples: Rehabilitation for stroke

A

Tertiary prevention

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8
Q

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Hospital wards, special clinic units in hospital

Community Health: Outside of hospital - home, school, RHU, place of work

A

Setting/place of practice and activities

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9
Q

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Mostly sick people; maybe limited to one group of patients

Community Health: Varied patients, representing total heath spectrum

A

Types of patients seen

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10
Q

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Mostly curative and rehabilitative

Community Health: Total care, whole range of services

A

Source of concern/range of services provided

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11
Q

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Comfort and care during illness, recovery from disease

Community Health: Promotion and maintenance of health; prevention of disease

A

Priority concern

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12
Q

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Individual patient
Community Health: The family, population groups, whole community

A

Unit or focus of care

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13
Q

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Maximum comfort, patient independence (self care), recovery
from disease, peaceful/dignified death for terminal cases

Community Health: Effective coping and self-reliance for families and the whole community

A

Ultimate goal

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14
Q

Determinants of Health

A

Education Access and Quality
Health Care and Quality
Neighborhood and Built Environment
Social and Community Context
Economic Stability

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15
Q

year when WHO members, International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan,

A

1977

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16
Q

20th Word Health Assembly

A

Resolution

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17
Q

t or f

“ the main social targets of governments and WHO in the coming decades should be the attainment by all citizens of the world by year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life”

A

true

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18
Q

“Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost the community or the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self determination”

A

Alma Ata Declaration of 1978

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19
Q

formspartof a country’s health care system
— Overall socioeconomic development of a community

A

Primary Health Care (PHC)

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20
Q

First level of contact with the national health system

A

Primary Health Care (PHC)

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21
Q

health care as close as possible to where people live and work

A

Primary Health Care (PHC)

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22
Q

Four Pillars in Primary Health Care

A

1.Community participation
2.Inter-sectoral coordination
3.Appropriate technology
4.Support mechanism made available

23
Q

is planned process whereby local groups are
clarifying and expressing their own needs and objectives and taking collective action to meet them.”

A

Community Participation

24
Q

(t or f)
True participation means the involvement of the people concerned in:
Analysis decision-making planning,
program implementation, and
in all the activities, from search and rescue to reconstruction, that people affected by disasters undertake spontaneously without the involvement of external agencies.

A

true

25
Q

“in a given community as many people as possible determine a common aim and work together, pooling their resources to achieve it.
a process whereby social groups are supported to crystallise their needs and are assisted to translate them into action”.
“a committed, community-driven initiative, which leads to a common goal identified by that community and broader empowerment of that community”.

A

Community Participation

26
Q

Relationships and interactions between
• Tasks
• Functions
• Departments and
• Organizations

A

Multi-sectoral Linkages

27
Q

promote flow of information, ideas and integration in achievement of shared objectives

A

Multi-sectoral Linkages

28
Q

practical, scientifically sound and
Appropriate Health Technology
socially acceptable methods and technology

A

Appropriate Technology

29
Q

practical, effective and socially
acceptable technologies that are
accessible, affordable by community and national health systems, encourage self-reliance, and result from participatory processes.

A

Appropriate Technology

30
Q

Methods, Procedures, Techniques and Equipment that are:
Scientifically valid
Adapted to local needs
• Acceptable to users and recipients
• Maintainable with local resources

A

Appropriate Health Technology

31
Q
  • Training and HR development
  • Health education and promotion
  • Supervision and guidance
  • Monitoring and evaluation
  • Logistics/financial support
  • Restructuring of infrastructure and organization
A

Support Systems

32
Q

(t or f)

There are eight (8) elements of Primary Health Care.
• These 8 elements are also known as ‘essential health care’. They are:
E- Education
L- Locally
E- essential
M- Maternal
E- expanded
N- nutrition
T- treatment
S- sanitation

A

true

33
Q

rural health units, their sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units; puericulture centers, tuberculosis clinics, private clinics, clinics operated by large industrial firms, community hospitals, health centers and other health facilities

A

Primary Health Care Facilities

34
Q

non-departmentalized hospitals including emergency and regional hospitals

A

Secondary Health Care Facilities

35
Q

medical centers and large hospitals

A

Tertiary Health Care Facilities

36
Q

Levels of Primary Health Care Workers

A

Village of Grassroot Health Workers
Intermediate Level Health Workers
First Line Hospital Personnel

37
Q

first contacts
curative and preventive
• Community health worker, volunteers or traditional birth attendants

A

Village of Grassroot Health Workers

38
Q

• First source; provide support
• Attends to health problems
• Medical practitioners, nurses, midwives

A

Intermediate Level Health Workers

39
Q

• Establish close contact; back up health services
• Physician with specialty, nurses, dentists, pharmacists and other health
professionals

A

First Line Hospital Personnel

40
Q

Levels of Health Care and Referral System
(triangle down-up)

A

-Barangay Health Stations
-Rural Health Unit Community Hospitals and Health Centers Private Practioners / Centers
-Emergency/District Hospitals
-Provincial/City Health Services Provincial/City Hospitals
—Regional Health Services Regional Medical Centers And Training Hospitals
—National Health Services Medical Centers Teaching and Training Hospitals

41
Q

Universal Health Care
There major dimensions of coverage:

A
  1. Population coverage
  2. Service coverage
  3. Financial Coverage
42
Q

All Filipinos are automatically included in the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)

A

Population coverage

43
Q

Health care packages (population-based / individual based)

A

Service coverage

44
Q

Types and Composition of Health Care Provider Networks

A

A. Basedonnetworkownership
1. Public–Provide-wideorCity-wide
Health System
2. Private
3. Mix

45
Q

National Health Insurance Program

Members with capacity to pay premiums, or those gainfully employed or self-earning professionals or workers

A

Direct contributors

46
Q

National Health Insurance Program

Those whose PhilHealth premiums are subsidized by the government

A

Indirect contributors

47
Q

Health Regulation and Funding

• Safety and quality of health facilities and services
• Affordability of health services, pharmaceuticals and medical devices
• Equity in the development of health facilities and provision of health benefits

A

Key Areas of Health Regulation under the UHC Act

48
Q

Health Regulation and Funding
• Total incremental sin tax collections
• 50% of the National Government share from PAGCOR
• 40% of the Charity Fund, net of Documentary Stamp Tax payments and mandatory contributions of PCSO
• Premium contributions of members
• Annual appropriations of the DOH
• National Government subsidy
to Philhealth
• Supplemental funding

A

Sources of Funding for Universal Health Care

49
Q

Health Regulation and Funding
• Revenue Generation
Raising and collecting resources to pay for health services
• Pooling of Funds
Redistributing risk and resources across population groups
• Purchasing of Services
Leveraging resources towards high-value services and desired provider performance

A

Health Financing Functions

50
Q

(t or f)

Regardless of type, HCPNs are composed of
(1) primary care provider
networks (PCPNs) that serve as the initial point of contact and navigator of patients;
(2) and hospitals that deliver secondary and tertiary general health care services.

A

true

51
Q

Primary Care Policy Framework

A

A. PrimaryHealthCareApproach
B. PeopleCenteredApproach
C. EquityandFairness

52
Q

(t or f)
Delivering Population-based and Individual-based Health Services
A. Individual-based Health Services
1.OutpatientBenefitPackagesandotherSpecialBenefits
2.PrimaryCareBenefitPackage(KonsultaPackage)
3. InpatientBenefitPackages
4. ZBenefitPackages

A

true

53
Q

(t or f)
Delivering Population-based and Individual-based Health Services.

B. Population-base Health Services
1. HealthPromotion
2. EpidemiologyandDiseaseSurveillance
3. DisasterRiskReductionandManagementinHealth

A

true

54
Q

Human Resources for Health
POPULATION-BASED PRIMARY CARE

A

MIDTERMS & FINALS (24 decks)

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