CPR Pulmonology

Question 1

In which lobe do you find the cardiac notch?

Answer 1

the LEFT superior lobe (anterior aspect)

Question 2

What separates the lobes of the left lung?

Answer 2

oblique fissure separates the left lung into superior & inferior lobes

Question 3

What fissure separates the superior and middle lobes of the R lung?

Answer 3

horizontal fissure

Question 4

What fissure separates the middle and inferior lobes of the R lung?

Answer 4

oblique fissure (of the R lung)

Question 5

What spaces do the inferior borders of the lungs enter when we inhale deeply?

Answer 5

the costomedistinal recess

the costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 6

What are the 3 surfaces common to both lungs?

Answer 6

costal surface (opposes rib cage)

mediastinal surface (opposes mediastinum)

diaphragmatic surface (opposes diaphragm)

Question 7

Where is the hilum located on both lungs?

Answer 7

on the mediastinal surface

Question 8

Name the contents of the hilum of the lungs

Answer 8

pulmonary A
pulmonary V
main bronchi
pulmonary L (hanginging pleura)

Question 9

Where is the main bronchi typically located in each hilum?

Answer 9

usually more posteroinferior (thickest walled structure containing cartilage in wall)

Question 10

Compare the anterior & posterior borders of the lungs

Answer 10

the posterior border is taller & more columnar b/c is in back of thorax

Question 11

Where can lung cancer originate and what nerves can it impact?

Answer 11

derive from actual lung tissue or from bronchi

can involve phrenic N, vagus N, & recurrent laryngeal N

can frequently metastasize to LNs in thorax

Question 12

Pneumonectomy

Answer 12

removal of 1 lung

Question 13

Lobectomy

Answer 13

removal of 1 lobe of 1 lung

Question 14

Segmentectomy

Answer 14

remove specific bronchopulmonary segment of 1 lung (via lung resection)

*1 bronchopulmonary segment has its own N & blood supply

Question 15

Parietal Pleura

Answer 15

adherent to thoracic wall, mediastinum & diaphragm

Question 16

Visceral Pleura

Answer 16

adherent to LUNGS

Question 17

Pleuritis

Answer 17

inflammation of pleura that produces roughness on lungs (makes breathing difficult)

Question 18

pleural cavity

Answer 18

potential space btwn 2 layers of pleura w/ serous lubricating fluid that reduces friction & produces cohesion through surface tension

Question 19

Pulmonary collapse

Answer 19

occurs when excess air into pleural cavity

breaks surface tension btwn 2 layers of pleura & elasticity of lungs causes collapse

Question 20

Pneumothorax

Answer 20

entry of air into pleural cavity from penetrating wound to thoracic wall Or rupture of pulmonary lesion into pleural cavity

results in collapse of lung

Question 21

Hydrothorax

Answer 21

accumulation of excess fluid in pleural cavity (fluid escape into pleural cavity or pleural effusion)

Question 22

Hemothorax

Answer 22

accumulation of blood in pleural cavity resulting from chest wound (laceration of intercostal or internal thoracic vessel)

Question 23

Name the lines of pleural reflection

Answer 23

sternal line (costal to mediastinal anteriorly)
costal line (costal to diaphragm)
vertebral line (costal to mediastinal posteriorly)

Question 24

Which structure in the airways has C shaped cartilage?

Answer 24

Trachea

bronchi have irregular cartilage & bronchioles do not have any cartilage

Question 25

Where is an inhaled foreign object more likely to be stuck?

Answer 25

in the R main bronchus

Question 26

Where is the trachea located?

Answer 26

in the posterior mediastinum

Question 27

What is the last division of bronchi before they switch to bronchioles?

Answer 27

Segmental bronchi

Question 28

What are the 3 divisions of bronchioles?

Answer 28

Conducting bronchiole Terminal bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole

Question 29

Describe the components of the airway (top to bottom)

Answer 29

``` main bronchus (primary) lobar bronchus (secondary) segmental bronchus (tertiary) conducting bronchioles terminal bronchiole respiratory bronchiole alveolar duct ```

Question 30

What is the main distinction between bronchus & bronchiole?

Answer 30

Bronchus has cartilage in walls but bronchioles have NO CARTILAGE

Question 31

What is thee role of the alveolar duct?

Answer 31

primary site of gas exchange functional unit of the lung

Question 32

Where is the first location in airway that gas exchange can take place?

Answer 32

some gas exchange can occur in the respiratory bronchioles (most occurs in alveolar duct that is closely assoc w/ capillary bed)

Question 33

Bronchial asthma

Answer 33

widespread narrowing of airways produced by contraction of smooth muscle, edema of mucosa & increase of mucus in lumen of bronchi & bronchioles tightening of airways along airway causes attack

Question 34

Bronchoscopy

Answer 34

insertion of bronchoscope into trachea to visualize main bronchi (to inspect interior of tracheobronchial tree)

Question 35

Bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 35

pyramid shaped segment w/ apex @ hilum & base @ pulmonary surface separated by CT septa

Question 36

Why are bronchopulmonary segments clinically relevant?

Answer 36

these segments are surgically resectable

Question 37

anatomical difference between R & L main bronchi

Answer 37

right main bronchus is wider, shorter & runs more vertically left main bronchus travels more inferolaterally

Question 38

of secondary bronchi in R v L lung

Answer 38

R lung has 3 secondary bronchi while L lung has 2 secondary bronchi