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2 - CR/MET > CR anatomy > Flashcards

CR anatomy Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Sternal angle level

A

T4

2nd rib

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2
Q

Pectoralis major attachments

A

Intertuberculular sulcus of humerus

–> sternum and clavicle

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3
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

Sternal head = medial pectoral nerve (C7-T1)

Clavicular head = lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C6)

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4
Q

Serratus anterior attachments

A

Ribs 2-8 –> scapula

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5
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

C5-C7

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6
Q

Pectoralis minor attachments

A

Scapula –> ribs 3-5

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7
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

Medal pectoral nerve (C7-T1)

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8
Q

Intercostal bundle content from superior to inferior

A

Vein
Artery
Nerve

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9
Q

Where does the intercostal bundle lie?

A

Inferior to the superior rib

Between internal and innermost intercostals

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10
Q

Parts of internal intercostals and their role

A 
Interosseous = forced expiration 
Interchondral = inspiration
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11
Q

Where is a thoracocentesis performed?

A

9th IC space

Mid-axillary line

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12
Q

Where is a chest drain places?

A

5th IC space

Mid-axillary line

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13
Q

What passes through the diaphragm at T12?

A

Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein

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14
Q

Where does the hemiazygous cross the midline?

A

T7/8

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15
Q

Referred pain of the pleura

A

Costal –> intercostal strip

Mediastinum surface –> C4-5 around shoulders

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16
Q

Oblique fissure surface markings

A

C2 vertebrae –> 6th rib at mid-clavicular line

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17
Q

Transverse fissure surface markings

A

Midline of oblique fosse (or where crosses mid-axillary line) –> midsternal line at the level of the 4th costal cartilage

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18
Q

Order of structures in the lung hilum

A 
Superior = arteries 
Middle = bronchi 
Inferior = veins
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19
Q

What is the Stellate ganglion?

A

Fusion of inferior cervical and first thoracic sympathetic ganglion

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20
Q

Referred pain of the heart

A

T1-4 for chest, neck and arm pain

Inferior = T5-9 for epigastric pain

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21
Q

Arterial supply to heart nodes

A

RCA = SAN
PD = AVN
Bundle branches = LAD

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22
Q

Lateral ECG leads

A

V5, V6, I, aVL

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23
Q

Inferior ECG leads

A

II, III, aVF

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24
Q

Causes of concentric vs eccentric hypertrophy

A 
Concentric = pressure overload 
Eccentric = volume overload
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25
S3 heart sound
Large volume of blood striking overly compliant LV | = systolic heart failure
26
S4 heart sound
Atrial contraction forcing blood into a non-compliant LV | = diastolic heart failure
27
CXR signs of pulmonary oedema
``` Alveolar oedema Kerley B lines Cardiomegaly Upper lobe diversions Pleural effusions ```
28
CXR signs of COPD
Hyper-inflated lungs (>6 anterior >10 posterior ribs) | Flattened hemidiaphragms --> blunted costophrenic angled
29
What forms the valve over the foramen ovale?
Septum primum
30
What does the bulbis cordis become?
Right ventricle
31
What does the sinus venosus become?
Inflow tracts to the heart
32
What does the truncus arteriosus become?
Aorta and pulmonary trunk
33
When does the septum primum appear?
Day 28
34
When do the heart tubes fuse?
Day 21
35
When does the heart begin to beat?
Day 22
36
Lesions in tetralogy of Fallot
Overriding aorta VSD Narrow RV outflow RVH
37
Features of persistent truncus arteriosus
Cyanotic lesion Outflow tracts not fully divided VSD
38
ASD features
Patent foramen ovale or defect in septum primum/secundum
39
Where is VSD most common
90% membranous | 10% muscular
40
What does patent ductus arteriosus increase the risk of?
Bacterial endocarditis
41
How can patent ductus arteriosus be treated?
PG inhibitor such as ibuprofen
42
What drains to the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal sinuses
43
What drains to the middle meatus (semi-lunar hiatus)?
Anterior ethmoidal, maxillary and frontal sinuses
44
What drains to the ethmoid bulla?
Middle ethmoidal sinuses
45
What drains to the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
46
What drains to posterior nasal wall?
Sphenoid sinus
47
What drains to the nasopharynx?
Pharyngotympanic tube
48
Blood supply to the nasal cavity
External carotid Sphenopalatine artery (maxillary) Greater palatine artery (maxillary) Septal branch of superior label (facial) Internal carotid Anterior ethmoidal arteries (ophthalmic) Posterior ethmoidal arteries (ophthalmic)
49
Where are the tonsils found?
Palatine = between arches Adenoids (pharyngeal) = nasopharynx roof Lingual = back of the tongue Tubal = laterally where the Eustachian tube opens out
50
Which muscle forms the UOS
Cricopharyngeus
51
What is the innervation of the pharyngeal muscles?
CN X | Except stylopharyngeus = CN IX
52
Sensory nerve supply to the pharynx
``` Naso = V2 Oro = V3 Laryngo = CN X ```
53
Level of hyoid bone
C3
54
Level of cricoid cartilage
C6
55
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Relaxers (thyroarytenoid) = lower pitch | Tensors (cricothyroid) = raise pitch
56
Laryngeal muscle innervation
Recurrent laryngeal = all except cricothyroid | Cricothyroid = external laryngeal nerve
57
Sensation to the larynx
Above vocal cords = internal laryngeal nerve | Below vocal cords = recurrent laryngeal
58
Superior laryngeal nerve injury
Loss of chocking reflex | Monotonous voice
59
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Hoarseness | Aphonia
60
Facilitation of lymph transport
``` Low pressure conducts Milking action of skeletal muscle Pulsation of arteries alongside Valves Thoracic pressure changes Smooth muscle in walls ```
61
Lymph node cortex vs medulla
``` Cortex = T cells, B cells, dendritic cells Medulla = B cells, plasma cells, macrophages ```
62
Afferent vs efferent vessels in lymph nodes
Afferent enter around the edge | Efferent leave via hilum
63
Where does the superficial cervical chain lie?
Over SCM | Along EJV
64
Where does the deep cervical chain lie?
Deep to SCM | Along IJV
65
Walls of the axilla
``` Anterior = pec major Posterior = lat dorsi Medial = ribcage ```
66
Axillary nodes
``` Anterior = pectoral Posterior = sub scapular Lateral = humeral ```
67
Path of drainage from axillary nodes
Pectoral, sub scapular, humeral - -> central - -> apical - -> supra clavicular - -> subclavian lymph trunk
68
Groups of inguinal lymph nodes
``` Horizontal = along inguinal ligament Vertical = along great saphenous ```
69
What drains to the horizontal inguinal lymph nodes?
``` Anterior abdominal wall Perineum External genitalia (except testes) ```
70
What drains to the vertical inguinal lymph nodes?
Superficial lymphatics of the leg
71
Where do the superficial inguinal nodes drain to?
Deep inguinal nodes 3 nodes in the femoral canal Drain to lumbar trunks
72
Where are the lymph nodes of the lung found?
Intrapulmonary within the lung Bronchopulmonary at the lung hilum Tracheopulmonary around the carina Tracheal along the trachea
73
Where does lymph from the lungs drain to?
Bronchomediastinal trunks | --> SCV or thoracic/right lymphatic duct
74
What do the lumbar trunks drain?
Structures of the pelvis Lower limbs Kidneys
75
What does the intestinal trunk drain?
Abdominal organs
76
Where is the cisterna chyle found?
L1/2
77
Parts of the spleen?
White pulp = T and B lymphocytes | Red pulp = blood
78
Carotid sheath contents
``` CCA ICA IJV CN X Deep cervical lymph nodes CN IV, XI, XII Ansa cervicalis ```
79
Where does the phrenic nerve travel in the neck?
Anterior to anterior scalene | Just lateral to carotid sheath
80
Where does recurrent laryngeal nerve travel in the neck?
Between the trachea and oesophagus
81
What does the LAD supply?
RV, LV, IV septum, bundle branches
82
What does the left marginal supply?
LV
83
What does the LCx supply?
LA and LV
84
Whats does the RCA supply?
RA, RV, SAN
85
What does the right marginal supply?
RV and apex
86
What does the PD supply?
RV, LV, IV septum, AVN
87
Extent of trachea
C6 --> T4
88
Number of bronchopulmonary segments
8 in left | 10 in right
89
Pulmonary plexus
T1-5 of sympathetic trunk | Vagus nerve

2 - CR/MET (8 decks)

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