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2 - CR/MET > Met anatomy > Flashcards

Met anatomy Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

External oblique fibres

A

Inferomedially

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2
Q

Internal oblique fibres

A

Superomedially

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3
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Encloses rectus abdominus

Made up of the aponeuroses of the external and internal obliques and the transversus abdominus

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4
Q

Where is the arcuate line found?

A

Midway between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis

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5
Q

Above the arcuate line

A

Rectus sheath either side of rectus abdominus

Epigastric vessels within rectus sheath

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6
Q

Below arcuate line

A

Rectus sheath only anterior to rectus abdominus
Rectus abdominus in contact with transversalis fascia
Epigastric vessels outside rectus sheath

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7
Q

Structures passing under inguinal ligament

Lateral –> medial

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal (lymphatics)

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8
Q

Spermatic cord layers

A 
Internal spermatic fascia 
Cremaster muscle 
External spermatic fascia 
Dartos muscle 
Skin
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9
Q

Inguinal triangle borders

Hesselbach’ triangle

A 
Medial = lateral border of rectus abdominus 
Lateral = inferior epigastric vessels 
Inferior = inguinal ligament
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10
Q

Conjoint tendon

A

Fusion of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transverse abdominus

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11
Q

Midpoint of inguinal ligament

A

Halfway between ASIS and PT

Deep inguinal ring

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12
Q

Mid-inguinal point

A

Halfway between ASIS and PS

Femoral artery

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13
Q

Pituitary blood supply

A

Superior hypophyseal artery from ophthalmic artery
Inferior hypophyseal artery from cavernous ICA
Hypophyseal veins –> cavernous sinus

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14
Q

Cavernous sinus contents

A

ICA, CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI

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15
Q

What passes through SOF

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI

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16
Q

Pringle manoeuvre

A

Clamping of duodenal end of lesser omentum

Restricts blood flow –> liver

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17
Q

Normal portal and IVC pressures

A 
Portal = 9mmHg 
IVC = 2-6mmHg
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18
Q

Pressure difference for portal hypertension

A

Portal - IVC >10mmmHg

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19
Q

Anal canal above pectinate/dentate line

A

Endoderm origin
Superior rectal artery artery and vein (portal circulation)
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Columnar epithelium
Lymph –> internal iliac nodes
Haemorrhoids here are internal and painless

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20
Q

Anal canal below pectinate/dentate line

A 
Ectoderm origin 
Inferior rectal artery and vein (systemic circulation) 
Inferior rectal nerve (pudendal) 
Stratified squamous epithelium 
Lymph --> inguinal nodes 
Haemorrhoids are external and painful
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21
Q

Which systemic veins does the umbilical vein connect to?

A 
Superior = intercostal veins 
Inferior = inferior epigastric veins
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22
Q

Grey-Turner sign

A

Flank bruising

Sign of retroperitoneal haemorrhage

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23
Q

Rate of bile secretion

A

40ml/hour

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24
Q

How much bile can the gallbladder hold?

A

50ml

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25
Referred pain of cholecystitis
Right flank and shoulder
26
Blood supply to gallbladder
Cystic artery from right hepatic artery
27
Calot's triangle
Liver Cystic duct Common hepatic duct
28
Where is the heptorenal recess found
Between liver and right kidney
29
Psoas major attachments
Vertebral bodies of T12-L5 | --> lesser trochanter
30
Quadratus lumborum attachments
Transverse processes of L1-5 | --> iliac crests
31
Gerota's fascia
Renal fascia surrounding kidneys, adrenal and perirenal fat
32
Renal plexus roots
T10-12
33
Renal referred pain
Flanks and small of the back
34
Ureter nerve supply
T11-L1/2 Loin pain = iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal Groin pain = genitofemoral
35
What connect the bladder to the umbilicus?
Medial umbilical ligament | Remnant of the urachus
36
Layers of the bladder
Adventitia Detrusor Transitional epithelium
37
Trigone
Triangle formed by the ureteric orifices and urethral orifice Smooth walls More prone to infection
38
Mesonephric ducts
= Wollfian ducts Form male reproductive tract Degenerate in females (except the lower portion)
39
Paramesonephric ducts
= Mullerian ducts Form oviduct in females Degenerate in males
40
3 embryonic kidneys
Pronephric Mesonephric Metanephric
41
Metanephric kidney formation
Ureteric bud grows out of the mesonephric duct | Joins the metanephric bud (mass of mesenchymal tissue)
42
Ureteric bud goes on to form...
Ureter, Renal pelvis Major and minor calyces Collecting ducts
43
Metanephric bud goes on to form...
Renal corpuscle PCT Loop of Henle DCT
44
Embryonic vs final level of the kidney
``` Embryonic = S1 Final = T12 ```
45
Ectopic kidney
= failure for kidney to ascend
46
Kidney agenesis
Failure of kidneys to form | Failure off ureteric bud to grow or to come into contact with metanephric bud
47
Consequences of bilateral kidney agenesis
No formation of amniotic fluid = oligohydraminos Lungs do not develop Club foot Death
48
Pancake vs horseshoe kidney
``` Pancake = both poles fused Horseshoe = one pole fused ```
49
Polycystic kidney disease
Kidneys develop fluid filled cysts Autosomal dominant = polyctsin (cilia) mutation Autosomal eccessive = fibrocystin mutation
50
Parotid gland opening
Opposite second upper molar
51
Parotid gland innervation
CN IX
52
Sublingual gland opening
Plica sublingualis
53
Sublingual gland innervation
CN VII (chords tympani)
54
Submandibular gland opening
Either side of the frenulum
55
Submandibular gland innervation
CN VII (chords tympani)
56
Muscles of mastication
Temporalis Masseter Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid
57
Muscles of mastication innervation
V3 of CN V
58
Tongue innervation
CN XII
59
Muscles of the soft palate innervation
``` CN X (pharyngeal nerve) Nerve to tensor veli palatini - CN V3 ```
60
Laryngeal closure nerve
Recurrent laryngeal
61
Oesophagus nerve supply
``` Upper = recurrent laryngeal Lower = vagus ```
62
Extent of oesophagus
C6 --> T10
63
UOS
Cricopharyngeus = skeletal muscle
64
Where can objects lodge in the oesophagus
UOS Aortic narrowing LOS
65
Spermatic cord contents
``` Testicular artery and vein Cremasteric artery and vein Artery to vas deferens Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Vas deferens Lymph vessels Processus vaginalis Autonomic nerves ```
66
What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral branch innervate?
Cremaster muscle Scrotal skin Mons pubis and labia majora
67
Lesser omentum
Liver (around portal hepatis) --> lesser curvature of the stomach Hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments Porta hepatis runs in free border
68
Visceral abdominal pain
``` Foregut = T6-9 = epigastric Midgut = T8-12 = umbilical Hindgut = T12-L2 = suprapubic ```
69
Where is pain felt in diverticular disease
LIF
70
Where is volvulus most common?
Caecum and sigmoid colon
71
Splenic artery branches
Short gastric | Left gastroepiploic
72
Hepatic artery proper branches
Right gastric Left hepatic Right hepatic --> cystic
73
Gastroduodenal artery branches
Right gastroepiploic | Superior pancreaticoduodenal
74
Vasa recta in jejunum vs ileum
Longer and fewer in jejunum | More and shorter in ileum
75
SMA branches
Middle colic Right colic Jejunal and ill Iliocolic
76
IMA branches
Left colic Sigmoidal Superior rectal
77
Peritoneal covering of the rectum
1st 1/3 = covered anteriorly and laterally 2nd 1/3 = covered anteriorly 3rd 1/3 = not covered
78
Rectum blood supply
Superior rectal = from IMA Middle rectal = from internal iliac Inferior rectal = from pudendal
79
Internal anal sphincter innervation
Parasympathetic via pelvic splanchnic nerves
80
External anal sphincter innervation
Inferior rectal nerve
81
Haemorrhoids
Engorged veins within the anal cushions
82
Extent of the thyroid
Oblique line of thyroid cartilage | --> 4th/5th tracheal ring
83
Thyroid arterial supply
Superior thyroid artery from ECA Inferior thyroid artery from thyrocervical trunk (SCA) Thyroid ima artery from brachiocephalic trunk
84
Thyroid venous drainage
Superior thyroid vein --> IJV Middle thyroid vein --> IVJ Inferior thyroid vein --> brachiocephalic vein
85
Right vs left adrenal gland shapes
``` Right = pyramidal Left = crescent shaped ```
86
Adrenal arterial supply
``` Superior = from inferior phrenic Middle = from aorta Inferior = from renal artery ```
87
Adrenal venous drainage
- -> IVC on right | - -> renal vein on left
88
Pancreas uncinate process
Projects off from the head | SMA and SMV pass over it
89
Pancreas blood supply
``` Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery Superior pancreaticoduodenal (gastroduodenal) Inferior pancreaticoduodenal (SMA) ```
90
Caudate vs quadrate lobes
``` Quadrate = anterior Caudate = posterior ```
91
Nutmeg liver
Red spots on surface | Caused by congestive heart failure
92
Abdominal aorta branches
``` T12 = coeliac trunk L1 = SMA L1/2 = renal arteries L2 = gonadal arteries L3 = IMA L4 = bifurcation ```
93
IVC course in the abdomen
Common iliac veins join at L5 Receive blood from renal veins, suprarenal veins and gonadal veins Passes through diaphragm at T8
94
Renal artery divisions
- -> segmental arteries - -> interloper arteries - -> arcuate arteries - -> interlobular arteries
95
Course of the ureter
``` Out of kidney at hilum Travels over psoas major Pass over common iliac bifurcation at the pelvic brim Pass laterally around the pelvis Turn medially to empty into the bladder ```
96
3 ureteric narrowing points
PUJ Pelvic brim CUJ
97
Level of adrenal glands
T12
98
Ureters in relation in female arteries
Pass under ovarian arteries at pelvic brim | Pass under uterine arteries either side of the cervix

2 - CR/MET (8 decks)

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