CR histology

Question 1

0-12h after infarct

Answer 1

No changes

Question 2

12-24h after infarct

Answer 2

Bright pink eosinophilia of muscle fibres

Intracellular oedema

Question 3

24-72h after infarct

Answer 3

Acute infiltration of inflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils)
Loss of nuclei and striations

Question 4

3-10 days after infarct

Answer 4

Replacement of damaged tissue with granulation tissue

–> loose oedematous mesh with capillaries and fibroblasts

Question 5

Weeks - months after infarct

Answer 5

Granulation tissue becomes fibrocollageous and becomes avascular and acellular

Question 6

When is the repairing heart muscle the weakest?

Answer 6

5 days post infarct

Question 7

Aschoff body cells

Answer 7

Central core of necrosis with macrophages

Surrounded by lymphocytes

Question 8

Where are Aschoff bodes most commonly found?

Answer 8

Myocardium

Question 9

Valve structure

Answer 9

Core of dense irregular CT
Lined by endothelial cells
CT from cusps merges around the edges to form the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Question 10

Oat cell tumour

Answer 10

20-25% of lung carcinomas
Small cell carcinoma
Small, densely packed, dark staining cells
Highly malignant

Question 11

Non-small cell lung carcinomas

Answer 11

Squamous cell = 25-40%
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell

Question 12

Lung squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 12

Mainly arises in main or major bronchi
Associated the squamous metaplasia due to cigarette smoking and other irritant exposure
Evidence of keratin –> stains orange

Question 13

Granuloma layers

Answer 13

Central core of necrosis
Ring of macrophages with some giant cells
Collar of lymphocytes
Ring of fibroblasts forming a fibrous wall
Calcification of this wall may occur

Question 14

Gohn focus

Answer 14

Occurs after primary infection
Lesions the mid zone close to the pleura
May be hilar lymph node involvement

Question 15

Assmann focus

Answer 15

Occurs after reactivation of primary lesion or exogenous infection
Bilateral apical nodules
Erosion of bronchi and blood vessels may cause haemopytsis

Question 16

Define anisocytosis

Answer 16

= RBCs are different sizes

Question 17

Define poikilocytosis

Answer 17

= RBCs are different shapes

Question 18

Abnormal cells seen in megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia

Answer 18

Megaloblasts

Neutrophils with hypersegmented (>5) nuclei

Question 19

Features of haemolytic anaemia

Answer 19

Premature RBC destruction
Increase in catabolic products of haemoglobin, e.g. jaundice
Increased rate of erthyropoiesis –> reticulocytosis

Question 20

Hereditary spherocytosis abnormality

Answer 20

Spectrin mutation

Question 21

G6PD function

Answer 21

Prevents oxidative damage

Question 22

Triggers of G6PD symptoms

Answer 22

Drugs, fava beans, infection

= times of oxidative stress

Question 23

Cell types seen in sickle cell disease

Answer 23

Sickle shaped cells
Target cells
Cells with Howell-Jolley bodies

Question 24

What causes fragmentation haemolytic anaemia?

Answer 24

Prosthetic cardiac valves

Microvascular narrowing/obstruction

Question 25

Cell types seen in G6PD deficiency

Answer 25

Heinz body formation

Basket/bite/blister cells

Question 26

Cell types seen in fragmentation haemolytic anaemia

Answer 26

Schistocytes (helmet cells)
Burr cells (echinocytes)
Blister cells

Question 27

Autoimmune haemolytic anameia

Answer 27

Non-hereditary spherocytosis

Autoantibodies against RBC membrane components