CR-DR 9 AND 10 Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
is the science of the response of the human eye to visible light.
A
Photometry
2
Q
basic unit of photometry
A
Lumen
3
Q
the total intensity of light from a source.
A
Luminous flux
4
Q
describes the intensity of light incident on a surface.
A
Illuminance
5
Q
is a property of the source of light, such as a viewbox or a digital display device
A
Luminance intensity
6
Q
is a quantity that is similar to luminance intensity.
A
Luminance
7
Q
another measure of the brightness of a source such as a digital display device expressed as units of candela per square meter or nit.
A
Luminance
8
Q
Two fundamental laws associated with photometry
A
Inverse square law
Cosine law
9
Q
first attempt to quantify human vision
A
1924
10
Q
who attempt to quantify human vision
A
Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage
11
Q
Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage include definition of
A
candle, footcandlo, and candle power
12
Q
Bright vision=
A
55nm
13
Q
Dim vision=
A
505
14
Q
basic unit of photometry
A
lumen
15
Q
total intensity of light from a source.
A
luminous flux
16
Q
describes the intensity of light incident on a surface. One
A
illuminance
17
Q
1fc= hoy many lux
A
10.8
18
Q
is a property of the source of light, such as a viewbox or a digital display device.
A
Luminance intensity
19
Q
is a quantity that is similar to luminance intensity.
A
Luminance
20
Q
Luminance intensity unit
A
lumens/steradian or candela
21
Q
Luminance unit
A
candela per square meter or nit
22
Q
luminous flux uit
A
lumen lm
23
Q
illuminance unit
A
lumen/ft^2 fc lumen/m^2 lx
24
Q
approximately what that essentially all medical images were “hard copy,
A
1990
25
WHAT YEAR IS CT AND MRI
CT 1974
MRI 1980
26
WHERE OES Soft copy viewing is performed
cathode ray tube (CRT) or an active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD).
27
PROPERTY OG LUQIUD CRYSTAL
highly ordered molecular structure—a crystal— and the property of viscosity—a fluid.
28
STRUCTURE OF Liquid crystal materials
linear
29
Active matrix liquid crystal displays are fashioned
pixel by pixel.
30
TRUE OR FALSE: The AMLCD has a very intense white backlight that illuminates each pixel
TRUE
31
The differences between color and monochrome AMLCDs involve the design of the
filters and films
32
what is the color of the filters of colored AMLCD
red-green-blue
33
what device use a monochrome filter
Medical flat panel digital display
34
backlight illuminates the
pixel
35
Only approximately ___ of the backlight is transmitted through a monochrome monitor and ___ of that through a color monitor.
10%
half
36
the portion of the pixel face that is available to transmit light.
Aperture ratio
37
Aperture ratios of ____ are characteristic of medical AMLCDs.
50% to 80%
38
is the act of matching a worker to the work environment for maximum efficiency.
Ergonomics
39
*Pre-processing of digital images is largely__-
automatic
40
is designed to produce artifact-free digital images.
Pre-processing
41
generated every few months
Gain images
42
generated many times each day.
offset images
43
solution for image lag
offset correction
44
solution for line noise
apply a voltage correction from a row or a column of pixels in a dark, unirradiated area
45
is the process of remote transmission and viewing of images
Teleradiology
46
who produced a standard imaging and interface format called Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM).
American College of Radiology
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
47
Misregistration of a subtraction image occurs when
the patient moves during
48
Misregistration of a subtraction can be corrected by
pixel shift
49
effective for fractures and small, high-contrast tissues.
Edge enhancement
50
be effective in identifying diffuse, non-focal disease.
Highlighting
51
allows for careful visualization of precise regions of an image.
Pan, scroll, and zoom
52
the process of adding text to an image
Annotation
53
radiologic technologist can make all_____ shades of gray visible.
65,536
54
is used to bring images into standard viewing order.
image flip
55
Four Principal Components
1. Image acquisition system
2. Display system
3. Network
4. Storage system
56
describe the manner in which many computers can be connected to interact with one another
network
57
jukebox”, can accommodate
terabytes (TB
58
Optical discs can accommodate
tens of gigabytes (GB)
59
has described the format, dimensions, and contrast characteristics of a pattern used to make measurements of the resolution of display systems
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
60
NEMA presented their work as a document known as
Gray Scale Display Function (GSDF).
61
formed a committee that generated a standard for Digital Imaging and Communication that is referred to as the DICOM standard
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
61
Deutsches Institut für Normung, published a document called,
Image Quality Assurance in X-ray Diagnostics; Acceptance Testing for Image Display Devices”
61
The consistent appearance in DICOM format was achieved in keeping with the principle of
perpetual linearization
62
now mandated for all digital display devices
GSDF
63
It called for joint performance evaluation of the imaging modality and the digital display device.
DIN 2001
64
when was the Flat Panel Display Measurement (FPDM) standard release
1998
65
Flat Panel Display Measurement (FPDM) standard, version 1.0, was released by the
Video Electronics Standard Association (VESA)
66
standard provides a set of instructions that can be used to help in the evaluation of system performance according to a compliance standard
VESA
67
American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) developed a set of test patterns and outlined related procedures in
Task Group Report 18.
68
Two types Luminance Mete
Near-range photometer
Telescopic photometer
68
are used in close proximity to monitors
Near-range photometer
69
used to test from a distance of 1 m.
Telescopic photometer
70
the luminance meter should use a calibration method that is traceable to the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST
71
the luminance meter should
0.05 to 1000 cd/m2 with better than 5% accuracy and a precision of at least 0.01
72
Visual assessment of geometric distortion can be carried out with the use of
TG 18- QC and TG 18-LPV/ LPH
73
pincushion and barrel-like distortions are common in
CRT
74
the acceptable level of distortion in various quadrants in either direction is
2%
75
The corresponding criterion for secondary class devices is
5%
76
the display reflection is characterized as
specular and diffuse
77
test to assess specular reflection
to simply turn off the monitor and look for sources of illumination within a 15-degree
78
To evaluate diffuse reflection,
observe the threshold of visibility for low contrast patterns under ambient lighting conditions and in total darkness
79
The image acquired by a digital modality is stored as an
array of pixel values
80
used to perform a qualitative evaluation of the luminance response of a digital display device
TG 18-CT
81
to evaluate display resolution.
TG 18-CX and TG 18-QC
82
used to evaluate resolution uniformity.
TG 18-PX
83
Noise can be quantified with the
TG 18-AFC
84
are constant in four of the four quadrants into which the pattern is subdivided.
Size and contrast
