PHARMA Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
A
- ARTERIES
2
Q
carry de-oxygenated blood to the hear
A
- VEINS
3
Q
carry blood to and from the heart
A
Veins and Arteries
4
Q
Veins and arteries consist of three layers
A
Tunica— ADVENTITIA, MEDI, INTIMA
5
Q
composed of connective tissue, collagen, and elastic fibers
A
Tunica adventitia
6
Q
attaches the vein to whatever other tissue it runs through
A
Tunica adventitia
7
Q
Strong, Allows stretch
A
Tunica adventitia
8
Q
middle layer consists of smooth muscle and elastic fibres
A
Tunica media
9
Q
Supports constriction and dilation of the veins to alter the
blood flow
A
Tunica media
10
Q
Provides strength, elasticity and contractile abilities in the
blood vessel walls
A
Tunica media
11
Q
Must avoid in vein selection
A
- Veins in lower extremities
- Areas of joint flexion
- Veins close to arteries and deeper lying vessels
- Veins that may be irritated from previous use
12
Q
what veins should be used first?
A
distal veins
13
Q
Healthy veins are easily detected by
A
palpation
14
Q
Characteristics of Good Veins
A
- Bouncy
- Soft
- Refills when depressed
- Has a large lumen
- Straight
- Visible
- Is well supported
15
Q
AVOID veins that are
A
- Bruised
- infected (phlebitis)
- Oedematous limbs
- Hard, fibrosed veins
- Areas of previous venipuncture
- Veins adjacent to infection
- Near bone
16
Q
INFLUENCING FACTORS
A
- Temperature of the environment
- Patient anxiety
- Medication
- Age and weight of patient
- Position of patient
- Injury
- Privacy/dignity
17
Q
3 PARTS OF A SYRINGE:
A
TIP
BARREL
PLUNGER
18
Q
where the needle is attached
A
TIP
19
Q
where the calibration scale is located
A
barrel
20
Q
the inside part that fits into the barrel
A
plunger
21
Q
what is needle made up of
A
staineless steel
22
Q
3 PARTS OF A NEEDLE
A
HUB
CANNULA/SHAFT
BEVEL
23
Q
are designed for situation that require precise measurement of a small volume of drugs
A
tuberculin and insulin syringes
24
Q
refers to the thickness or diameter of the needle.
A
gauge
25
Used for injection and is made up of stainless steel and may or may not be disposable.
needle
26
refers to the measurement in inches of the shaft portion.
Length
27
gauge of a needle
14-28
28
used for intramuscular and subcutaneous injection.
Long bevel long needle
29
used for intravenous injection
Short bevel Shorter needles
30
relationship of gauge and diameter
The Smaller the diameter of the shaft or the finer the needle is, the larger the gauge number.
31
what gauge needle is often used to draw a drug or solution into the syringe
18
32
is a safer device used when performing venipuncture compared with other system
Angiocath
33
Angiocatheters, also referred to as
angiocaths
34
also known as a winged infusion set or scalp vein set
- Butterfly needle
35
type of syringe tips
luer lok, slip, eccentric, catheter
36
A sealed glass container designed to hold a single dose of a drug and intended for use only once
Ampule
37
It is made of a clear glass and has a shape with a constricted neck that is weakened so that it breaks easily than the other parts.
Ampule
38
* Is a small glass bottle with a sealed rubber cap
Vial
39
two ports in the stopper
one for air one for insertion of the intravenous tubings.
40
vein on the lateral side
Cephalic
41
vein on the medial side
Basilic
42
If extravasation occurs what should you do
* Remove the needle
* Apply pressure to the injection site
* Apply warm moist heat to remove the discomfort
* For corrosive drug, a cold compress rather than heat should be applied
43
drug is injected slowly.
o Single administration
44
designated amount of drug that is administered at one time
o Bolus or intravenous push
45
large amount of fluid, administered over a longer period
o Drip infusion
46
How to clean site for venipuncture
selected, clean it with an alcohol swab using a circular motion while moving from the center to the outside.
47
where do you apply the tourniquet
above the site
48
Insert the needle next to the vein at what angle
15
49
Charting Drug Information
Name of drug administered
Dose
Route of administration
Time and date administered
Site of injection (if parenterally administered)
50
Dextrose in water solutions (D5W):
Composition
only dextrose (glucose) and water
51
Dextrose in water solutions (D5W) useage
to provide carbohydrates (calories) when a patient is unable to eat or drink adequately.
52
Dextrose in water solutions (D5W): can casue
hypoglycemia
53
Dextrose in saline solutions composition
dextrose (glucose) mixed with sodium chloride (salt) and water.
54
Dextrose in saline solutions use
both hydration and calories, often used when a patient needs both electrolytes and carbohydrates
55
Dextrose in saline solutions can cause
hyperglycemia
56
Saline solutions composition
sodium chloride (salt) and water.
57
Saline solutions use
used for hydration and electrolyte replacement, especially in cases of dehydration or sodium depletion.
58
Saline solutions can case
exacerbate acidosis (high blood acidity) in certain patients.
59
System Of Drug Administration
metric system
apothecary
household system
60
is a decimal system of measurement, widely used in science and many countries, based on units like meters, grams, and liters.
metric system
61
older system, uses units like grains and drams, primarily for measuring medications
apothecary system
62
commonly used in cooking and medicine, use units like teaspoons, tablespoons, and cups
Household measures
63
for its accuracy and ease of conversion due to its decimal base,
metric system
64
Types of Adverse Reactions
Allergic-type reactions:
Physiologic reactions
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN
History of previous reactions:
Pre-existing medical conditions:
Certain medications
Type of contrast agent:
65
May be managed with antihistamines or other supportive care.
Mild reactions
66
May require more aggressive treatment, such as oxygen, bronchodilators, or medications to manage changes in blood pressure or heart rate.
Moderate reactions
67
May require immediate medical intervention, such as epinephrine, fluids, or even intubation
Severe reactions
68
5 Prevention
Thorough history and physical exam:
Pre-medication
Use of nonionic contrast
Proper hydration
Careful monitoring
69
The three most common routes by which drugs are administered parenterally are
1. Intramuscular
2. Subcutaneous
3. Intravenous
70
are injected into the body with a plastic syringe.
Drugs
71
disposed of after being used only once
Syringe-
72
usual Length: measurement in inches of the shaft portion
(0.25 to 5 inches)
73
size of needle and gauge for iv injection
Needles 1 to 1½-inch length
Gauge 20-21
74
used for IM and SC
Regular bevel:
75
used for IV and intraspinal
Short bevel
76
used for intradermal administration
True short bevel
77
WHAT TO DO WHEN EXTRAVASATION HAPPENS
1. Remove the needle
2. Apply pressure to the injection site
3. Apply warm moist heat to relieve the discomfort
78
WHAT TO DO WHEN EXTRAVASATION INVOLVES A CORROSIVE DRUG?
1. Immediate attention (reason: to prevent tissue necrosis)
2. Cold compress rather than heat should be applied to site
3. Notify physician and pharmacy
79
when is the dressing of a discontinued IV should be remove
after 1 to 2 hours
80
how many drops per minute is an acceptable flow rate.
10 to 20
