RADBIO PRELIM Flashcards
1
Q
is the study of the effect of ionizing radiation on living organisms.
A
RADBIOLOGY
2
Q
The action involves physics and biology
A
RADBIOLOGY
3
Q
Study of living organism and its vital process
A
Biology
4
Q
Smallest unit of matter
A
Atom
5
Q
number of proton in nucleus
A
Atomic Number(Z)
6
Q
number of proton and neutron
A
- Atomic Mass Number (A)
7
Q
mass of proton
A
1.007276
8
Q
mass of neutron
A
1.008665
9
Q
mass of electron
A
0.0005486
10
Q
- Combination of 2/more atom connected by chemical bonds
A
Molecules
11
Q
- Maintains proper composition and properties and substance in our body
A
Molecules
12
Q
- Basic structure of living organism
A
Cell
13
Q
- is a special type of radiation that includes x-rays
A
lionizing Radiation
14
Q
- Is any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts
A
lionizing Radiation
15
Q
- type of radiation that travels and the speed of light
A
lionizing Radiation
16
Q
speed of light in m/s
A
299 792 458
17
Q
speed of light in ft/s
A
983 571 056
18
Q
speed if light in miles/s
A
186 282
19
Q
Removal of electron in an atom
A
Ionization
20
Q
Process where atom/molecule gain or losses an electron resulting in formation of Ions
A
Ionization
21
Q
interacts with DNA
A
Cation
22
Q
Types of Ionizing Radiation
A
- Alpha Particles
- Beta
- Neutron- n
- Gamma
- Xray
23
Q
is a particulate form of ionizing radiation that consists of two protons and two neutrons.
A
Alpha
24
Q
- All of their energy is absorbed inside the body, potential causing damage to the cells.
A
Alpha
25
- It can be stopped by paper and skin
Alpha
26
- Has low penetrating ability
Alpha
27
- Source is gas, Radium, Radon, Uranium, and Thorium
alpha
28
- has two types: plus and minus
Beta
29
- is an electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. fast-moving particles in a negative electrical charge that are emitted from an atom's nucleus during radioactive decay
Beta
30
- They travel farther in air than alpha particles
Beta
31
- stopped by a layer of clothing or by a thin layer of a substance: Aluminum
Beta
32
- Source: unstable isotopes: Carbon 14, Iodine, Strontium, Cesium
Beta
33
- usually emitted as a result of spontaneous or induced nuclear fission.
Neutron
34
- Able to travel hundreds or even thousands of meters in air, they are however able to be effectively stopped if blocked by a hydrogen-richmaterial, such as concrete or water
Neutron
35
- The emission of an high-energy wave from the nucleus of an atom
gamma
36
- The emission of a high energy wave from the electron cloud of an atom
X-ray
37
This is generally caused by energy changes in an electron, such as moving from a higher energy level to a lower one, causing the excess
X-ray
38
Sources of lionizing Radiation
1. Natural environmental radiation
2. Man-made radiation
39
- largest source of environmental radiation
radon
40
- decay of uranium
Radon
41
- emits alpha particles
Radon
42
Natural environmental radiation
annual dose of approximately
3 millisieverts(mSv)
43
Man-made radiation
Results in how many sievert
in 3.2 mSv annually
44
Radiation Absorbed Dose
- SI unit
Gray
45
- The fundamental quantity for describing the effects of radiation in a
- tissue or organ is the absorbed dose
Gray
46
Radiation Equivalent man
- Sl un
Sievert
47
Curie
- SI unit is
becquerel
48
- Unit for radioactivity
Curie
49
Sources of Medical Radiation exposure
Diagnostic X-ray
Dental Radiograph
Cardiovascular- Interventional Radiology
Nuclear Medicine
50
Roentgen
- SI unit is
Coulomb/kg of air
51
- is a measure of the ionization of air due to ionizing radiation from photons
Roentgen
52
- refers to the death of fetus
- occur during pregnancy period
Prenatal death
53
DEATH( occurs 1 – 7 days)
EARLY NEONATAL DEATH
54
refers to the death of new born baby within the first to 28 days of life
Neonatal death
55
EFFECTS OF FETAL IRRADIATION
1. Prenatal death
2. Neonatal death
3. Congenital malformation
4. Childhood malignancy
5. Diminished growth and development
56
( too much production of the RBC
polycythemia
57
redness of skin
skin erythema
58
- occurs within days after the radiation exposure
Deterministic Effect
59
- If the radiation response increases in severity with increasing radiation dose
Deterministic Effect
60
- term as Early Effect
Deterministic Effect
61
- biological damage depends on energy level
Deterministic Effect
62
is the largest source of man-made radiation acc to National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP),
Diagnostic X-ray
63
- has low energy but longest wavelength
Radiowaves/Radiofrequency
64
radiations is located inside the organism, usually as a consequence of ingestion or inhalation of radioactive substances.
Internal
65
takes place when the radioactive source is located outside the body.
External
66
- depend on number of incidence/interaction
Stochastic effect
67
also known as radiant heat.
Infrared
68
- is a type of radiant energy that's invisible to human eyes but that we can feel as heat.
Infrared
69
may cause peculiar but familiar phenomena, such as a rainbow or the apparent bending of a straw in a glass of water
Refraction
70
- is located in the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and ionizing radiation
Ultraviolet Radiation
